大学是人类文明的重要组成元素,承担着文化传承与发展的重要作用。进入新时期,在国家政策支持与社会需求下,大学已经成为当今研究与创作的热点,并掀起了持续不断的新校园建设热潮。然而与此同时,大学新校园的发展困境也日益突出:新老校园之间承接关系不清晰,导致大学自身文脉传承不完善;新校园同所在地域的关系缺乏思考,两者无法良性共生,并产生了一定矛盾;新校园对时代关注不够,对新时期高等教育的发展需求适应缓慢。造成这些困境的主要原因在于:过于关注空间本身,使新校园设计研究停留在手法,而没有深入到策略;没有引入文化思考,使研究缺失了高等教育建筑最重要文化属性;停留在传统大学校园组织模式的研究上,而忽略了文化传播影响下大学的动态发展,研究与设计的创新性不足。 本文以当代大学新校园空间设计中的文化回归为切入点,以大学的文化属性和新校园的物质属性作为研究的核心:一方面,大学是记载并推动人类文明发展的重要文化机构,与人类社会的经济机构、政治机构既紧密联系又相互独立,具有独特的文化属性;另一方面,大学校园又是人类城市空间的实体构成元素,随着城市的发展而深刻地参与到其经济价值循环中去,具有独特的物质属性。 论文研究主要分为三个部分: 首先是发现问题,提出文化缺失是当代大学校园设计所面临延续性困境、融合性困境、进化性困境的根源所在;其次是理论建构。通过对文化传播的动力分析,指出文化传播在内在动力与大学新校园的属性、外在动力同大学新校园的空间生成存在着紧密的联系;最后,基于大学文化、本土文化、全球文化提出大学新校园的设计策略。 第一,基于大学文化的新校园空间设计策略。本部分将大学与高等教育精神的传承与延续作为研究重点。大学文化决定了大学新校园能否在漫长的发展过程中保持自身的完整性与一致性。其中,高等教育决定了新校园总体定位,明确了大学新校园在人类所创造的所有类型物质实体中的作用与地位;传统大学校园的空间特征成为新校园空间构成的重要样本,以价值认同作用促进新校园的发展与完善;老校园的符号特征进一步明确新校园的单体空间形态,强调其独特性,同时在保证新校园精神内核不变的前提下赋予其一定的传播主体性质,提升新校园的适应性。 第二,基于本土文化的新校园空间设计策略。本部分将大学新校园同所处地理环境的相互融合作为研究重点。其中,大学所处的具体自然地理环境作为重要的文化传播主体,从容量需求测算和气候适应性角度决定了新校园的用地大小及规划形态;既有城市环境的街区肌理和城市形象形成了独特文化环境,促使校园空间环境与城市的互动,强化地域性特色;新校园是城市中最具文化活力的功能之一,在城市扩张与城市收缩并存的当下,更应当为城市的文化重构过程提出独特的解决方案。 第三,基于全球文化的新校园空间设计策略。本部分将大学新校园的时代适应性作为研究重点。其中,新自由主义与网络化连接促使新校园的规划结构向开放化与均质化转变;新时期下大学对于品质与效率的需求促使新校园空间出现了社群化与复合化的趋势,进而产生了全新的空间组织模式;以文化媒体和文化涌现为代表的当代传媒效应已经使得人们对于教育建筑的组织模式产生了全新的认知,新校园作为先锋实验思想的阵地,应当为激变中的世界做出自己的文化贡献。 文化传播视域下的当代大学新校园空间设计策略研究以文化传播学的视角重新审视大学校园空间这一传统的研究对象,透过当下如火如荼的新校园建设现象,提出了基于大学文化、本土文化、全球文化的当代大学新校园空间设计策略,通过大量案例调研和分析方法的引入,在整体空间、群体空间、单体空间尺度上得出了一系列新校园组织模式策略,对于梳理当代大学校园空间设计策略的研究框架以及推动当代大学校园的创作发展有着重要的理论意义及现实意义。 关键词:大学新校园;大学文化;本土文化;全球文化;空间设计策略
University is an important element of human civilization. In the new period, under the support of national policy and social demand, the university has become a hot spot of research and creation, and has set off a continuous wave of new campus construction. However, the quantitative change did not lead to the qualitative change, the development dilemma of the new campus is increasingly prominent: the new campus has not become the inheritance of the old campus,which leads to the imperfect inheritance of the University's own context in the development; the relationship between the new campus and the region can not have a certain contradiction in the good symbiosis; the new campus is obsolete. The main reasons for these difficulties lie in: paying too much attention to the space itself, making the research of the new campus design staying at the level of the tactics instead of strategic level; without the introduction of cultural thinking, the research has lost the most important cultural attributes; it stays on the study of the traditional university campus organization mode and ignores the cultural transmission. This article takes the cultural return in the new campus design of the contemporary university as the breakthrough point. The cultural attribute of the University and the material property of the new campus have formed the origin of the study. On the one hand, the university is the product of the development of human culture to a certain stage, an important cultural institution to record and promote the development of human civilization. The structure and political institutions are closely connected with each other and have distinct cultural attributes. On the other hand, the university campus is an entity element of the human city. With the development of the city, it is increasingly involved in its economic value cycle and has a distinct material attribute. The thesis is divided into three parts: The first is to find and analyze the problems, and put forward that the lack of culture is the root of the continuity, fusion and evolutionary predicament facing the design of the contemporary university campus. The second is the theoretical construction. Through the analysis of the motive force of cultural communication, it is pointed out that there is a close connection between the cultural communication and the property of the new campus in the University, the external motivation and the space generation of the new campus. Finally, the design strategy of the new university campus is put forward based on the cultural transmission power of cultural inheritance, cultural localization and cultural globalization. Firstly, the new campus design strategy based on cultural inheritance. This part focuses on the continuation of the spirit of University and higher education. Cultural inheritance determines whether the University's new campus can maintain its integrity and consistency in the long development process. Among them, higher education determines the overall orientation of the new campus and defines the role and position in all types of material entities created by human beings; The spatial characteristics of the traditional university campus become an important sample of the new campus space, and promote the development and improvement of the new campus with the role of value identification; The old campus symbolic features further clarify the single space form in the near human scale,emphasize its uniqueness, and give it a certain nature of communication subject and improve the adaptability of the new campus. Secondly, the new campus design strategy based on cultural localization. This part focuses on the integration of the new campus and its geographical environment. The specific natural geographical environment of the new campus is the main body of communication, which determines the size and the planning form of the new campus from the measurement of capacity demand and climate adaptability. The block texture and urban image have internal and unique generating power, and accelerate the progress of campus space. The interaction and communication between the city form the regional characteristics, and the new campus is one of the most active functions in the city. At the time of the coexistence of urban expansion and urban contraction, the cultural communication object should be transformed into a cultural communication subject, as a unique solution in the process of urban reconstruction. Thirdly, the new campus design strategy based on cultural globalization. This part focuses on the adaptability and self evolution of the new campus. Among them, new liberalism and networking links promote the opening and homogenization of the planning structure. The demand for quality and efficiency leads the new campus space to be social and complex, and produces a new pattern of architectural space organization, which is represented by the media and emergence. The media effect has created a new understanding of the organizational pattern of educational architecture. As the front of the pioneer experiment, the new campus should promote the space activity restructure and self evolution, and make its own cultural contribution to the world. From the perspective of cultural communication, the research on the design strategy of the new campus is to reexamine the traditional research object from the perspective of cultural communication. The study of the new campus is promoted from the technique level to the strategic level,and it is based on the cultural inheritance and literature. With case study and analysis methods, a series of new campus organization patterns have been drawn on whole space,group space and single space scale. The development of creation has important theoretical and practical significance. Keywords: University New Campus; University Culture; Local culture; Global culture; Space Design Strategy