中东欧16国作为连接欧亚大陆的桥梁已全部纳入“一带一路”合作框架，并在“一带一路”布局欧洲大陆中发挥关键作用。由于中东欧地区在地理位置、地缘政治、国际体系中的关键作用，研究“16+1合作”机制对于促进中欧全面战略伙伴关系，促进“一带一路”倡议下的务实合作，助力全球治理体系变革与人类命运共同体的构建都具有重要的理论意义与时代价值。中东欧各国在领土面积、人口数量、经济发展实力、历史文化传统等方面的巨大差异导致“中东欧”难以形成“内聚性”较强的区域，而是各国差异分化巨大的“人造”区域。同时，中东欧地区具有“双重性”，即中东欧16国中有11国已加入欧盟，欧盟成为影响“16+1合作”机制发展的重要因素。事实上，中国始终将“16+1合作”定位为中欧战略伙伴关系的重要组成部分和有益补充。至今，中国与中东欧国家在各领域合作程度和范围不断深化，“16+1合作”正逐步形成全方位、宽领域、多层次的合作格局。一方面，“一带一路”倡议的提出为“16+1合作”机制提供了更广阔的发展空间与平台，为“16+1合作”机制建设提出新要求，也为中国与中东欧合作带来重要战略合作机遇。“一带一路”建设的全面推进丰富了中国与中东欧国家的沟通对话机制，促进了中东欧国家对外经济多元化，也满足中东欧各国共同发展的现实需求。另一方面，“16+1合作”作为中国首次主导推进的次区域合作机制，为“一带一路”向其他区域或次区域推进提供先进经验。“16+1合作”框架所形成的政策沟通、投资经贸、人文交流等合作机制为中国推进“一带一路”建设奠定重要基础。 然而，在当前大发展、大变革、大调整的国际环境下，“16+1合作”机制也面临诸多挑战。各行为主体间差距的日趋加剧，零和博弈与冷战思维难以消除，国际社会对中国外交理念的误解和质疑，全球经济复苏乏力的消极影响等，都成为“16+1合作”机制建设的阻力因素。因此，为了加速推进“16+1合作”机制建设，让国际社会更深入地理解中国和平发展道路与外交理念，中国应根据中东欧各国的发展现状与现实需求采取具有针对性的合作模式，发挥多层级合作机制的协同效应，增强中国文化软实力建设，更重要的是，始终以构建人类命运共同体为核心理念和最终归宿。同时，这也为推进“一带一路”建设、构建新型国际关系、推动全球治理体系变革等中国外交倡议提供重要的经验借鉴和政策启示。 关键词：“16+1合作”；“一带一路”倡议；新型国际关系；人类命运共同体

 Nowadays, the 16 countries in Central and Eastern Europe as a bridge on the Eurasian continent have all been accommodated under the cooperation framework of the “Belt and Road” Initiative and will play an important role in the impact of “Belt and Road” Initiative on the two continents. Considering the particularity of the Central and Eastern European countries' positions in geographical, geopolitical and international system, the research on the cooperation between China and 16 countries in Central and Eastern Europe, that is the “16+1” cooperation mechanism, has both theoretical and practical significance for the promotion of the Sino-EU comprehensive strategic partnership, the cooperation under the “Belt and Road” Initiative, reforms of global governance system and the establishment of the community of share future for mankind. The wide differences in terms of territorial area, population, economic power, history and culture among the 16 countries make it difficult for the Central and Eastern Europe to form a region with relatively “higher cohesiveness”. As a result, this unique region turns into an “artificial” region with great variety. Meanwhile, the Central and Eastern Europe is featured with “duality” in that 11 of them have joined the European Union while others have not, which means the European Union can also influence the development of “16+1” cooperation” mechanism. In this sense, China has been treating the mechanism as an indispensable and complementary part of the Sino-EU comprehensive strategic partnership. At present, China and the Central and Eastern European countries have deepened and broadened their cooperation and the “16+1” cooperation has evolved into a comprehensive, wide-ranging and multi-level cooperation arrangement. On one hand, put forward in 2013, the “Belt and Road” Initiative have provided a broader space and platform for the “16+1” cooperation mechanism together with new requirement for its future. This also brings essential strategic opportunities for China and 16 countries. The implementation of the “Belt and Road” Initiative enriched the international communication mechanism between China and the Central and Eastern European countries, boosted the outward-looking economy for the 16 states and satisfied the actual needs for common development for the whole region. On the other hand, the “16+1 Cooperation”, as a sub-regional cooperation mechanism first advocated by China, will supply pioneering experience and lessons for regional or sub-regional cooperation under the “Belt and Road” Initiative later on. The mechanisms on policy coordination, investment, trade, civilian and cultural interaction are necessary foundations for furthering the initiative. However, under the international background of great development, reform and adjustment, the mechanism will also encounter challenges. The obstacles including an increasing intersubjective difference among the 16 states, the residue of zero-sum game and Cold War thoughts, misunderstanding and suspicion towards China's diplomacy from the international community as well as a sluggish recovery of global economy have restricted the construction of the “16+1” cooperation mechanism. Therefore, to accelerate the mechanism and help the international community to deeply understand the diplomatic idea of “the road of peaceful development” chosen by China, we should take specific cooperation models suitable to the reality and needs of the 16 countries, utilize the coordinating effect of the multi-level cooperation mechanism and strengthen the soft power lying in Chinese culture. More importantly, we must emphasize the establishment of the community of shared future for mankind as the core concept and ultimate goal, which will also provide insights for China's diplomatic initiatives like the “Belt and Road” Initiative, a new type of international relations and the transformation in global governance system. Key Words: “16+1” Cooperation; “Belt and Road” Initiative; A New Type of International Relations; The Community of Shared Future for Mankind