四十年的改革开放极大地推动了我国经济社会的快速发展和中国特色社会主义现代化事业。在新的历史时代，发展的不平衡不充分对人民美好生活需要的牵制构成当代中国迫切需要解决的课题。构建社会主义分配正义则是解决新时代我国社会主要矛盾的关键路径。故此，分配正义之于当代中国不只是一个理论问题，更是迫需解决的现实问题。马克思在对资本主义社会的现实批判中与对共产主义社会图景的勾勒中蕴含深刻而丰富的分配正义思想。深入挖掘马克思分配正义理论的科学要义与实践方略，对于构建当代中国分配正义的话语体系与制度体系具有重要的意义。 马克思在分配正义问题上是以历史科学的姿态出场的，唯物史观的独特视野使其深深根植于生产方式，彻底颠覆了分配正义理论的形而上特征与思辨色彩。马克思基于生产方式的还原考虑分配正义问题，实现了对分配正义的前提性澄清，分配正义的内涵、主题与场域以及价值遵循不再被抽象的范畴所遮蔽。“现实的人”及其解放真正渗入到分配正义的“骨髓”当中。人类解放之所以成为分配正义的价值遵循，源于马克思的无产阶级立场，而无产阶级解放与人类解放是高度一致的。马克思分配正义理论具有独特的理论品质：马克思通过解蔽分配正义背后的生产方式，使分配正义超越了伦理范畴并去除了抽象的“外衣”；它是对现有事物的批判与超越，并科学地勾勒出未来社会的分配正义图景；它具有强烈的革命性，是改造世界的精神力量与实践策略。 马克思对分配正义的探索与其哲学思想的演进是一致的。早期的马克思在人本主义的观照下形成了自由理性的分配正义观，而这构成马克思分配正义理论的萌发；唯物史观的创立为马克思分配正义理论奠定了哲学基础，开辟了分配正义的新视域和新范式；政治经济学对现代社会经济运行规律的科学揭示，推动了科学的分配正义体系的最终确立。马克思始终保持着对分配正义的科学认知：他既反对普世而永恒的绝对正义原则存在，也反对视分配正义为人类一切活动的“中枢”的狂热观点。与此同时，马克思还科学揭示了分配正义的内在限度：揭示了分配正义对意识形态的依附关系与分配正义作为人类实践活动的现实性与历史性，并厘清了分配正义之于生产方式的“内嵌”与“超越”关系。 马克思分配正义理论具有独特的叙事结构，即实现了唯物史观视域下的生产方式的还原。马克思分配正义理论是理论与实践、宏观与微观、时间与空间的统一。首先，马克思扬弃了分配正义原则的绝对化取向，超越了自由权利对分配正义的狭隘限定，构建了基于劳动价值论的分配正义原则序列。其次，马克思将唯物史观作为分配正义的哲学底蕴，实现了对个人主义与普遍主义的分配正义观的矫正与超越，进而科学剖析了分配正义的基本要素、评判标准、实现策略与实践旨归。最后，马克思科学勾勒出了分配正义的历史形态，彰显了人类历史的进阶规律。 马克思分配正义理论在当代西方与当代中国遭遇到截然不同的境遇。在当代西方，马克思分配正义理论遭遇了诸多论争与质疑。新自由主义对马克思分配正义理论的质疑构成这一论争的焦点。与此同时，以柯亨为代表的分析马克思主义试图对社会主义分配正义进行“拯救”，然而这种“拯救”最终沦为一种道德式救赎。在当代中国，马克思分配正义理论的当代意蕴得到了充分的挖掘，并实现了中国化的承继与创新：逐步探索与健全中国特色社会主义所有制结构体系；与时俱进地推动适合当代中国历史条件与现实境况的“公平—效率”制度体系的建设；推进共同富裕引导下分配正义的理论完善与道路建设；在改革开放的实践中开创了全球分配正义的社会主义道路。 新时代我国社会主要矛盾的跃迁越发凸显构建分配正义的中国话语与中国道路的紧迫性与重要性。由资本逻辑所驱使的西方逻辑绝非真正实现分配正义的普世方案；实现马克思分配正义理论与新时代境遇的融合，是新时代中国特色社会主义分配正义的必然路径。必须遵循分配正义原则的内在统一，型构新时代分配正义原则体系；创建“共享发展”的分配正义新格局，保障其有效的理念支撑与制度供给；加强制度正义建设，构建新时代分配正义的制度依托与协同机制；直面全球分配正义的现实危机，推进全球分配正义的中国话语与中国方案的建构。 关键词：马克思；分配正义；唯物史观；资本逻辑；生产方式

 Forty years of reform and opening up have greatly promoted the rapid development of China's economy and society and socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics. In this new historical era, the imbalance and inadequacy of development hinder the people's need for a better life, this has become an urgent issue for contemporary China. Building socialist distributive justice is the key path to resolve the main contradictions in our society in the new era. Therefore, the distribution of justice to contemporary China is not only a theoretical issue, but also a realistic problem, that needs to be resolved. Marx's realistic critique of capitalist society and the outline of the social picture of communism that contain profound and rich ideas of distributive justice. Thoroughly explore the scientific essence and practical strategy of Marx's theory of distributive justice, this is of great significance to construct discourse system and institutional system for the distribution justice of contemporary China. Marx appeared as historical science on the issue of distributive justice, the unique vision of historical materialism makes it deeply rooted in the mode of production, marx completely broke through the metaphysical characteristics and speculative colors of distributive justice. Marx considers the issue of distribution justice based on the reduction of production methods, in turn, the premise clarification of the justice of distribution is realized. The connotation, subject and field, and value adherence of distribution justice, are no longer obscured by abstract categories. The real person and its liberation is really infiltrated into the bone marrow of distribution justice. The reason why human liberation has become the value of distribution justice, this stems from Marx's proletarian position, the proletarian liberation and human liberation are highly consistent. Marx's theory of distributive justice has unique theoretical quality: Marx uncovers the production methods behind the distribution of justice, this make the justice of distribution transcend the ethical category and removes the abstract " coat It is critique and transcendence of existing things, and scientifically outline the distribution justice of the future society. It is revolutionary, and spiritual power and practical strategy for transforming the world. Marx's exploration of distributive justice is consistent with the evolution of his philosophical thinking. Early Marx in the view of humanism, he formed a free and rational view of the distribution of justice under the perspective of humanism, and this constitutes the germination of Marx's theory of distributive justice. The establishment of historical materialism laid the philosophical foundation for Marx's theory of distributive justice, it opens up a new horizon and a new paradigm of distribution justice. The science of political economy reveals the laws governing the operation of modern social economy, promote the final establishment of the socialist distribution justice system. Marx always maintains a scientific understanding of the law of distribution justice: he opposes the existence of universal and eternal principles of absolute justice, and opposing the arrogant view of the distribution of justice as the "central" of all human activities. At the same time, Marx also scientifically revealed the inherent limits of distributive justice: revealing the attachment to ideology of distributive justice; distributive justice as human practice is realistic and historic, and it clarifies the relationship between inline and transcendence of distribution justice for production methods. Marx's theory of distributive justice has unique narrative structure, that is to achieve the reduction of production methods in the perspective of historical materialism. Marx's theory of distributive justice is the unity of theory and practice, macro and micro, and time and space. First of all, Marx abandoned the absolute orientation of the principle of distributive justice, beyond the narrow restriction of freedom rights on the distribution of justice, a sequence of principles of distributive justice based on the labor theory of value was constructed. Secondly, Marx regards historical materialism as the philosophical foundation of the distribution of justice, realizing the correction and transcendence of the concept of distribution justice of individualism and universalism, then scientifically analyzes the basic elements, and evaluation criteria, and implementation strategies, and practical purposes of distribution justice. Finally, Marx scientifically outlines the historical form of distributive justice, and it highlights the advanced laws of human history. Marx's theory of distributive justice has encountered a completely different situation in contemporary West and contemporary China. In the contemporary West, Marx's theory of distributive justice has encountered many debates and doubts. The question of neoliberalism on Marx's theory of distributive justice constitutes the focus of this debate. At the same time, the analysis of Marxism represented by Cohen tried to save socialist distributive justice, however, this rescue eventually became a moral salvation. In contemporary China, the contemporary meaning of Marx's theory of distributive justice has been fully explored, and realized the inheritance and innovation of Chinization: gradually explore and improve the socialist ownership system with Chinese characteristics; advance with the times to promote construction " fair-efficiency " system that suits the historical and realistic conditions of contemporary China; promoting the theoretical perfection and road construction of distributive justice under the guidance of common prosperity; in the practice exploration of reform and opening up, it has created a socialist road of global justice. The transition of major contradictions in our society in the new era, it highlights the urgency and importance of constructing the Chinese discourse and the Chinese road of distributive justice. Western logic driven by capital logic is not absolutely a universal solution for the distribution of justice; realizing the integration of Marx's theory of distributive justice with the new era, it is the inevitable path of socialist distributive justice with Chinese characteristics in the new era. We must follow the internal unity of the principle of distributive justice and build a system of principles of distributive justice in the new era; Create a new pattern of distribution justice for " shared development ", and guarantee its effective concept support and institutional supply; Strengthen the building of institutional justice, constructing a system of support and coordination of distributive justice in the new era; facing the real crisis of global distribution justice, advancing the construction of the Chinese discourse and the Chinese program of global distribution justice. Key Words: Marx; Distributive Justice; Historical Materialism; Capital Logic; Mode of Production