汉语助动词是汉语词类系统中一个重要的类别。本文综合运用认知语言学场景化理论、言语行为理论等，讨论和分析了对外汉语教学中最基本的9个汉语常用助动词的句法语义特征，在此基础上，将助动词视为场景化成分，探讨助动词的场景化功能，分析了现代汉语动词时体、否定等范畴在场景化过程中的作用。本研究有助于深化对现代汉语多义助动词情态语义表达的认识。 本文分6个部分。在第一章介绍选题缘由、所用方法和语料来源的基础上，第二章介绍了本文的理论基础。论文的第三、第四、第五章分别对9个汉语常用助动词进行了分析。分析从认知语言学场景化理论角度出发，并结合现代汉语自身特点，采取广义场景化成分的观点，把副词、否定式、时体成分等与助动词一起，看作起到给动词语义凸显植入情态语力作用的场景化成分，在更大的范围考察近义助动词之间、多义助动词不同义项之间在场景化功能及表达情态语义方面的联系及差别。 研究发现，动力情态的“能”和“会”给动词的语义凸显植入的是主语有完成动作行为过程的潜能力，认识情态的“能”和“会”植入的是说话人的认识判断力。道义情态的“可以”给动词的语义突显植入的是来自说话人的道义力。“要”从表动力情态到道义情态再到认识情态，伴随着叙述角度从主语导向转为说话者导向，语义逐步虚化，客观性逐渐减弱，主观性逐渐增强。不同情态语义“要”的否定形式与其语义虚化链之间存在一定的对应关系。我们认为，这是语言主观性的表现。 研究也表明，动力情态助动词“肯”作为场景化成分对其植入的VP有限制，而“愿意”对VP没有这样的限制，说明“肯”处于比“愿意”高的句法约束等级，与此相关联， “肯”作为场景化成分的意愿等级也高于“愿意”。 道义情态助动词“必须”表示指令、命令或建议；“得(děi)”主要表示说话人认为情理上、事实上或意志上的需要；“应该”表示说话者依据社会法则或道德规范，对主语施加有必要实施某种行为的情态力，或者依据推理法则或证据对事情的真实性，判断VP表征的动作行为必然发生。 本文的理论意义在于：1.把场景化成分的范围，从英语里仅限于强制性的语法成分(obligatory grammatical elements)扩大到语法化程度较低的副词，以及汉语特有的一些零形式场景化成分，如主语生命度、语序漂移等等。这在一定程度上丰富了对汉语助动词的研究，并对场景化理论的跨语言适用性做出了补充。2.对多义助动词语义和句法特征做了较为细致的归纳，并从认知角度加以分析，有助于加深对语言中多义现象的认识。本文对近义助动词和多义助动词的研究对对外汉语教学实践也有一定指导作用。 关键词：助动词；情态；场景化；语境

 Chinese auxiliary verbs are an important category in the Chinese word class system. This thesis comprehensively uses Grounding theory, Speech Act theory to discuss and analyze the syntactic and semantic features of the 9 most basic Chinese auxiliary verbs in Chinese. On this basis, the auxiliary verbs are regarded as the grounding elements, explore the grounding function of the auxiliary verb, and analyze the role of the modern Chinese verb tense and aspect Categories in the process of grounding. This study helps to deepen the understanding of the modality and semantic expression of polysemy in modem Chinese. This study consists of 6 chapters. Chapter one serves as the introduction part in which the motive, the purpose, methods, theoretical perspective, corpus and composition of the present study is stated. The second chapter analyzes the auxiliary verb errors in the composition of English students in the middle and advanced level from three aspects: grammar, semantics and pragmatics. This is the starting point for research.The third, fourth and fifth chapters of the thesis analyze 9 Chinese auxiliary verbs. From the perspective of Grounding theory, the author takes the view of generalized grounding elements, he takes the adverbs, negation forms, and tense as grounding elements together with the auxiliary verbs. On a larger scale, the author discusses the connections and differences among the auxiliary verbs which are synonyms. The study finds that the of the dynamic modality "neng" and "hui" can indicate the subject has the potential to complete the action. The epistemic modality "neng" and "hui" can indicate the speaker's judgment. The deontic modality “keyi” can express obligation. From the dynamic modality to the deontic modality to the epistemic modality, with the narrative angle from the subject-oriented to the speaker-oriented, the semantics gradually fade, the objectivity gradually weakens, and the subjectivity gradually increases. The author believes that there is a certain correspondence between the negation form of different modals and the semantic bleaching chain. We believe that this is the Subjectivity of Chinese language.The study also shows that the dynamic auxiliary verb “Ken” as a grounding element has restrictions on its VP, and “willing” has no such restriction on VP, indicating that “Ken” is at a higher level of syntactic constraint than “willing”. In this association, the willingness level of “Ken” as a grounding element is also higher than “willingness”.The deontic modality verb "bixu" express an instruction, an order or a suggestion; " děi" mainly means that the speaker believes that he has a reasonable need to do something; "yinggai" means that the speaker is based on social laws or morality, to let the subject do an action, or to judge the action according to the law of reasoning or evidence. The theoretical significances of this study are as follows: First, the study extends the range of grounding elements from obligatory grammatical elements to less grammaticalized syntactic constituents, such as adverbs. This has enriched the study of Chinese auxiliary verbs, and supplemented the cross-language application of the Grounding theory. Second, this study makes a more detailed summary of the meaning and syntactic features of polysemy auxiliary verbs, and analyzes them from a cognitive perspective, which helps to deepen the understanding of polysemy in language.The research on the auxiliary verbs with similar meanings and polysemous auxiliary verbs in this paper also plays a guiding role in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. KEY WORDS: Auxiliary verb, Modality, Grounding, Context