柔性电子(flexible electronics)自出现以来发展飞速，不但拓宽了信息技术的应用，也创造了许多有别于传统微电子的新科技。得益于其器件优异的机械性能和大面积制造的工艺优势，柔性电子在显示、传感、能源和可穿戴设备等领域都展现了巨大的应用潜力，广受学术界和工业界的关注。作为新兴交叉领域，柔性电子的材料和制造工艺的不断创新，对其发展至关重要。目前，柔性电子的基底材料以玻璃薄板、金属薄板和聚合物基底为主，基于上述材料的柔性电子器件虽已实现了很多优异的性能，但基底材料不宜穿戴的本质制约了柔性电子在医疗健康等领域的应用。因此，探索和开发新型、可穿戴材料对于拓展柔性电子的应用领域，特别是在健康领域的发展具有重要意义。 皮革是一种历史悠久的穿戴材料且广泛存在于我们的日常生活中，如衣服、鞋子、家具和汽车内饰等。独特的多级结构赋予了皮革优异的机械强度、柔性以及穿戴舒适性。同时，皮革的主要组成为胶原纤维，因此其结构上富含活性官能团，如-COOH、-OH、-NH₂等。传统的皮革工业，正是利用皮革的多级结构和结构上丰富的官能团来不断开发新的皮革化学品，改进皮革生产工艺，进而优化皮革的性能，但忽略了这两者对于皮革在其他领域的开发和应用的优势。 基于此，本论文另辟蹊径，将皮革这一传统的穿戴材料引入柔性电子领域，采用传统皮革材料与新兴功能材料相结合的策略，展开了基于皮革的柔性电子(即鞣性电子)的研究，为柔性电子领域的发展提供了新的思路。利用皮革的多级结构、官能团和多孔性担载功能材料，以及可负载的功能材料的多样性赋予皮革新的功能，通过二者的结合，为鞣性电子的开发提供了保障。本论文的研究不仅为正在不断寻求和研发新材料的柔性电子领域提供了材料参考和新思路，同时也为皮革工业提高皮革附加值提供了新的发展方向。此外，通过借鉴皮革工业鞣制等生产工艺，可实现鞣性电子材料的大面积生产和制备。 本论文在完成“原理设计”的基础上，构建了一系列鞣性电子器件，并开展了鞣性电子的“应用探索”，主要研究内容分为以下四个方面： 1、鞣性电子的设计基础。导电性是鞣性电子实现应用的前提保障。皮革本身的导电性极弱，因此导电皮革的制备是本论文的研究基础。首先，利用皮革的多级结构和多孔性，结合导电纳米材料的尺寸优势，采用减压过滤、转鼓处理的方法，制备了基于纳米材料的导电皮革，并进一步探究了纳米材料与皮革之间的结合方式。其次，利用皮革的多级结构及其活性官能团，采用原位聚合的方法，制备了基于导电聚合物的导电皮革，丰富了导电皮革的材料体系。各类导电皮革的设计和制备，构建了鞣性电子应用的基础。 2、可穿戴鞣性压力传感器。随着柔性电子应用的不断扩大，对于器件可穿戴性能的要求也逐渐提高，例如用于人体脉搏监测的柔性压力传感器。皮革具有优异的穿戴舒适性，且天然的精细多级结构有助于提升柔性压力传感器的灵敏度。因此，我们采用前期制备的导电皮革作为压力感知层，实现了具有高灵敏度的鞣性压力传感器(<200 Pa，S=32.42 kPa⁻¹)。同时，皮革优异的机械强度赋予了器件良好的循环稳定性。另外，得益于皮革的可裁剪性，器件可被设计成表带等方便穿戴的物品，用于监测人体的生理信号。可穿戴鞣性压力传感器在保证器件长期舒适穿戴的前提下，可精确记录脉搏的跳动次数，并且能清晰分辨脉搏特征峰之间的微小差异。这些脉搏信息的采集具有重要的临床意义，也展示了鞣性电子在实现可穿戴柔性电子器件方面的优势。 3、交互式鞣性显示器件。信息的快速获取和处理具有重要意义。显示作为一种直接呈现信息的方式，增强了交互界面的信息可读性。本论文利用导电皮革作为显示器件的背电极，结合电致发光材料，实现了鞣性显示。考虑到鞣性压力传感器的工作机制中压力与电流间的正比关系，通过将其与鞣性显示器件相结合，建立了压力大小及空间分布与显示亮度的联系，最终实现了压力信息可视的交互式鞣性显示器件。利用皮革上下贯穿的多级结构和平板结构，将一块导电皮革的表面作为显示器件的背电极，其余部分作为压力感知层，进一步简化了器件的集成方式，实现了基于单个器件结构的交互式鞣性显示器件，有助于增强用户与界面之间的信息交互。 4、鞣性储能器件。目前制约柔性电子发展的重要挑战之一是与之相适应的柔性储能器件。皮革的柔性结构，为其制备柔性储能器件提供了材料优势。我们通过选择具有储电能力的导电材料与皮革结合，制备了鞣性电极，并分别研究了其在不同电解质体系中的储电能力，优化并确定了合适的体系。受益于皮革的多级结构以及厚度，增加了电极单位面积上的电化学活性材料，进而提高了鞣性电极的面积容量。最后，通过引入中性固态电解质，制备了鞣性储能器件-鞣性超级电容器，并进一步考察了其在柔性储能领域的应用前景。 关键词：柔性电子 皮革 鞣性电子 压力传感器 显示 储能器件

 Since the emergence of flexible electronics, it has achieved rapid development, not only extending the applications of information technology but also exploring new areas that are distinct from traditional electronics. Promoted by its excellent mechanical flexibility and large-area manufacture capability, flexible electronics has exhibited tremendous applications potentially in display, sensing, energy and wearable devices, etc. Accordingly, it has attracted wide attentions from academics to industry. As a rising interdisciplinary field, its development is closely related to the innovation in materials and manufacturing processes. Nowadays, the substrate materials of flexible electronics are mainly made of thin glasses, metal foils and plastic films, etc. Although flexible electronic devices based on the above substrates have achieved many excellent performances, they applications in medical health are limited by the nature that these substrate materials are not suitable for wearing. Therefore, exploring and developing new wearable materials is significant for expanding the application of flexible electronics, the development of health care in particular. Leather is a traditional wearable material and has been widely used in our daily life, such as clothes, shoes, furniture and automotive interiors. The unique hierarchical structure of leather endows it with outstanding mechanical strength, flexibility and comfort to wear. In addition, the main component of leather is collagen fiber, proving leather is full of active groups, such as -COOH, -OH and -NH₂. The traditional leather industry employs the hierarchical structure and abundant active groups of leather, to develop new chemicals and facilitate leather production processes. Then further optimize the wearable performance of leather. However, the potential of these two unique properties of leather in other applications was underestimated. Based on the above research background, this thesis provided a new approach to introduce leather, a traditional material, into flexible electronic field. By combining leather with functional materials, the researches on leather based flexible electronics (leather electronics) were carried out, providing a new idea for the development of the flexible electronics field. Utilizing the hierarchical structure, active groups and porous properties of leather to load functional materials. And the diversity of functional materials that can be loaded, endows leather with new functions. These advantages provide a guarantee for the development of leather electronics. This thesis not only provide new ideas for flexible electronics which is constantly seeking and developing new materials, but also provide a new development direction for leather industry to further improve the added value of leather. In addition, by referring to the production processes of leather industry, it provides technical support for large-area production of leather electronics. On the basis of "principle design", this thesis fabricated a series of leather electronic devices and carried out "application exploration" of leather electronics. The main research contents are divided into the following four parts: 1.The design of leather electronics. Conductivity is the prerequisite for the applications of leather electronics. By combining the hierarchical structure, porosity of leather with the size advantages of conductive nanomaterials to gain nanomaterials based conductive leather. The conductive leather could be achieved by both vacuum filtration and drum treating. We further explored the combination mode between nanomaterials and leather. In addition, taking advantages of leather structure and active groups on its structure, employed in-situ polymerization to fabricate conductive leather based on conductive polymer. It enriched the material system of conductive leather. The design and preparation of conductive leathers ensure the application of leather electronics. 2.Wearable leather pressure sensor. Leather has excellent wear comfort and the sophisticated hierarchical structure of leather can efficiently improve the sensitivity of flexible pressure sensor. Therefore, previously fabricated conductive leather was adopted as pressure sensing layer and the leather pressure sensor realized a high sensitivity (< 200 Pa, S=32.42 kPa⁻¹), as well as good cycle stability. Moreover, benefitted from the tailorable and wearable properties of leather, the pressure sensor could be shaped into a watchband to monitor the wrist pulse of human. It could accurately read out pulse and identify the impalpable differences between the typical characteristics of wrist pulses. The collection of these pulse information has clinical significance and also shows the advantageous prospects of leather electronics in wearable flexible electronic devices. 3.Interactive leather display device. Conductive leather was used as the back electrode of display device and combined with electroluminescent material to achieve a leather display device. We integrated the leather pressure sensor with leather display device to establish a relation between pressure and display brightness, with considering of the relationship between pressure and current in leather pressure sensor. Finally, we realized an interactive leather display device which can visualize the pressure information in form of brightness changing. Considering the flat structure of leather, the surface of it could be taken as the back electrode of display and the rest as the function layer of pressure sensor. It further simplified the structure of interactive leather display device and enhanced the information interaction between user and interface. 4.Leather energy storage device. The structure of leather provides advantages for the preparation of flexible energy storage devices. Leather energy storage electrodes were prepared by combining the energy storage materials with leather. We studied their storage capacities in different electrolyte systems and also optimized their performance. Because of the hierarchical structure and thickness of leather, the dosage of energy storage material in per unit area is increased, leading to an improved area capacity of leather energy storage electrode. Finally, by introducing the polymer electrolyte, we achieved a leather energy storage device and investigated its application prospect in flexible energy storage field. KEYWORDS: Flexible electronics; Leather; Leather electronics; Pressure sensor; Display; Energy storage device