党的十九大提出，要坚持强化农村基层基础工作的开展，完善自治、法治以及德治相融合的乡村治理体系。乡村治理体系，自治是首要基础，需要加大农村群众性自治组织的建设力度，完善并创新发展由村党组织领导的村级治理体系。 论文研究村民自治背景下，中国农村资本存量的增长和分化，对村级治理参与的影响。论文从制度认知、情感取向和价值取向三个层面研究中国农民村级治理的参与态度。根据资本属性，论文将资本解构为物质资本、人力资本和社会资本三种不同特质和子结构类型的资本。 对不同类型资本的测量是论文研究的核心环节。在科学设计的基础上，论文利用微观调查数据，对农村三类资本的存量、分布和结构进行了测量。物质资本指由物质要素组成的实物形态资本，主要从资金资本化和产品资本化两方面进行测量。人力资本主要来自教育投资(包括基础教育、职业教育和短期技能培训等)、“干中学”(经验累积)、健康投资、劳动力迁移投资等方面。论文把社会资本分为两个维度：网络结构的维度，主要指社会成员与其他社会成员的联系网络的状况；认知结构维度，指镶嵌在网络结构中各种有利于社会成员行动的各种认知模式和认知特征。论文通过对研究对象所从事的职业类型和单位类型进行调查，进行社会资本测量。 基于行为主义的政治理论，论文利用描述性分析和回归模型，对物质资本、人力资本和社会资本如何影响村民对村级治理制度认知、情感取向和价值取向进行了定量研究和定性分析。论文发现，资本存量与村民村级治理参与态度之间存在复杂关系，村民物质资本、人力资本和社会资本对村民村级治理制度认知、情感取向和价值取向的影响，既有正向关系，说明资本增长有利于村民自治发展，这为李普塞特假说适用中国经验提供证据；论文发现，个别资本要素对村民制度化参与村级治理，影响不显著或者呈负相关，这可能与我国城乡二元结构有密不可分的关系。 论文指出，推进村民参与，需要从制度供给、农村经济发展、优化村民的物质资本、社会资本和人力资本存量以及规制政府行为四个方面入手。 论文的发现对当前推进以农村自治为基础的治理体系建设和新农村建设具有一定的政策指导意义。 关键词：资本存量，参与态度，农村治理

 The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasize that it should strengthen the basic work of rural and improve the rural governance system which is the fusion of autonomy, rule by law and rule by virtue. Among which, the autonomy is the most important basis, intensify construction efforts of rural mass autonomy organizations, improve and innovate develop the rural residences autonomy system which is leaded by the village communist party organization. According to the property of capital, this dissertation deconstructs capital into three forms: material capital, human capital and social capital, which have different characteristics and substructure. The measurement of different types of capital stock is the core of the dissertation. Material capital is a kind of material form capital composed of material elements. The material capital of rural residences is first expressed as the capital invested by rural residences for various production materials during production, such as production machinery and equipment, production plants, transportation, etc., which can be borrowed from capital. We designed detailed indicators to measure the distribution and structure of various types of capital. Human capital is formed through investment in education (including basic education, vocational education, short-term skills training, etc.), secondary school (experience accumulation), health investment, investment in labor migration, etc. We can generally classify the human capital into three types: the human capital formed by education investment, the human capital formed by labor migration cost and the human capital formed by doing and learning. We also divide social capital into two dimensions. One is the dimension of the network structure, which mainly refers to the status of the network of members of the society and other members of society; the other is the cognitive dimension (cognitivedimension), which refers to the mosaic of the network structure. By investigating the career types and unit types of the network members of the subjects, the social capital stock they own can be measured accurately. The disertation deployed descriptive analysis and regression analysis for quantitative and qualitative analysis, how material capital; human capital and social capital respectively affected the rual community governance. The results show that there is a complex relationship between capital stock and rural residences political participation. Generally speaking, the positive correlation between capital stock and rural residences' willingness to participate in politics is the main conclusion of this paper, that is, capital growth is conducive to the development of rural residences autonomy, which once again confirms Lipset hypothesis. The negative correlation between individual capital elements and rural residences′political participation is closely related to China′s urban-rural dual structure. We suggest that to promote the political participation of rural community governance; institutional supply, promotion of rural economic development, optimization of rural residences' material capital, social capital and human capital stock, and regulation of government behavior. This research has important policy significance for reforming rural autonomy system and the construction of New Rural. KEY WORDS: Capital Stock, Political Participation, Rural Community Governance