摘要：党的十九大报告中以坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战的决心立下承诺，并要求“做到脱真贫、真脱贫”。党的十八大指出，“要高举中国特色社会主义的伟大旗帜，坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义道路。”中国特色的减贫道路是中国特色社会主义道路的重要组成部分，中国特色减贫思想是马克思贫困理论中国化的结果。消除贫困，实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求，是中国共产党的历史使命。新中国成立之后，中国成功走出了一条中国特色减贫道路，使7亿多农村贫困人口脱贫。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央站在全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的战略高度，创新扶贫举措，全面推进扶贫开发工作，为世界的和平与发展做出了积极的贡献。同时，我们在六十多年的减贫实践中总结出了具有中国特色的减贫思想。中国特色减贫实践的历史进程，既是社会主义国家对减贫道路的艰辛探索，又是发展中国家减贫的成功实践，深深打上了 “中国特色”的烙印。 减贫是一个世界性的难题，成功与失败都与本土化的进程直接相关。减贫思想演进的进程从理论上说，也是范式理论转变的过程。人类关于某一思想的演变史，就是不断突破旧范式，树立新范式的历史。当前中国特色减贫道路已经步入了精准扶贫的阶段，也面临着诸多突出问题和严峻挑战。在经济增速放缓的背景下，农民因经济收入、社会福利的差距而导致相对贫困，城乡差距依然很大；由于区域经济发展不平衡的因素，城市之间贫困差距依然很大；农民广泛进城务工后，城市相对贫困现象也普遍存在。要及时、有效地解决这些问题，必须加快推进减贫实践的进程。为了实现2020年“全面建成小康社会”的战略目标，面临着诸多突出问题和严峻挑战，有必要对中国特色减贫思想进行深入研究。对该问题的研究，在理论上有利于丰富和发展中国特色政治经济学理论体系，在实践上有利于推动绝对贫困的彻底解决。 本文以时间为指向、以人物为线索，分纵论和综论两个维度，围绕着新中国成立以来党领导中国特色减贫思想的演进展开。纵论部分分为六章，每个历史阶段为一章。中国成立以来中国减贫思想演进的历史进程，以生产关系变革和生产力发展为根本标准，以党领导下减贫政策的实践取向和范式、手段为主要线索，将减贫思想分为了六个历史阶段。综合研究为综论，共三章，主要对中国特色的减贫道路进行理论溯源、总体性考察、经验总结和前瞻。 回顾和审视60多年的历史，党领导中国特色减贫道路存在着清晰的线索：以人民为中心，坚持共同富裕的道路不曾动摇。本文沿着这个演进中心进行了一系列研究，这也是本文的创新之处：一是系统梳理和剖析了中国特色减贫思想变迁主线和动力机制；二是清晰归纳和总结了中国特色减贫思想的实践成效和理论演进；三是深刻总结了中国特色减贫思想的理论特征和基本经验；四是对中国特色减贫思想的未来趋势进行展望。提出了中国特色减贫思想的演进中心是以人民为中心，分为三条演进主线演进，分别是减贫对象的演进、减贫内容的演进和减贫主体的演进。并且找到了中国特色减贫思想演进的动力机制，分别是生产力、生产关系和上层建筑的推动。中国特色减贫思想演进的特征有四点，分别是坚持顶层设计、坚持大扶贫格局、坚持党的领导和坚持在发展中减贫。同时，本文还概括了中国特色减贫思想的理论价值，为解决三农问题提供了样本，为构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学提供了重要内容，为世界解决贫困问题提供了中国智慧。展望了未来中国特色减贫思想的发展方向。未来中国特色减贫思想的研究主题将由解决绝对贫困过度到解决相对贫困，从单纯的农村减贫问题过度到城市减贫问题的研究，由行政化推动到法制化推动的研究。 通过系统研究中国特色减贫思想的演进，本文指出了中国特色减贫思想演进具有“一三六四”特点，形成了自有的演进规律和模式，即“一个中心、三条主线、六个阶段、四大特性”。以人民为中心，通过对象演进、主体演进、方式演进，经历了六个历史阶段演进，形成了坚持顶层设计、坚持大扶贫格局、坚持党的领导和坚持在发展中减贫四大特性。 中国特色减贫思想的研究具有长期性，需要在本文所做的研究基础上不断深入下去。2020年以后，中国将彻底消除绝对贫困，中国人民将走向共同富裕。那时我们的研究内容也会发生改变，从研究“减贫”思想转向“向富”思想。 关键词：中国特色 贫困 减贫 思想

 Abstract : In the report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we made a commitment with the determination to win the battle against poverty and called for "getting rid of real poverty and poverty". The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "we should hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and unswervingly follow the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics." The poverty alleviation road with Chinese characteristics is an important part of the socialist road with Chinese characteristics. The thought of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics is the result of the Sinicization of Marx's poverty theory. Eliminating poverty and realizing common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and the historical mission of the Communist Party of China. Since the founding of New China, China has successfully taken a path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics, lifting more than 700 million rural poor out of poverty. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core, has stood at the strategic height of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, innovated poverty alleviation measures and comprehensively promoted poverty alleviation and development, making positive contributions to world peace and development. At the same time, we summed up the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics in the more than 60 years of poverty reduction practice. The historical process of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics is not only the arduous exploration of the road to poverty alleviation in socialist countries, but also the successful practice of poverty alleviation in developing countries, which is deeply imprinted with the brand of "Chinese characteristics". At present, China's path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics has entered the stage of targeted poverty reduction, and is also facing many significant problems and severe challenges. Under the background of economic growth slowing down, Chinese farmers are relatively poor due to the gap in economic income and social welfare, the urban-rural gap remains wide. As a result of the imbalance of regional economic development, the poverty gap between cities is still very large. After the widespread migration of farmers to cities for work, the relative poverty in cities also exists. To solve these problems in a timely and effective manner, we must accelerate the process of poverty reduction. To achieve the strategic goal of "building a moderately prosperous society in all respects" by 2020, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. The research on this issue is beneficial to enrich and develop the theoretical system of political economy with Chinese characteristics in theory and to promote the thorough settlement of absolute poverty in practice. This paper, from the two dimensions of the introduction and the synthesis, discusses the evolution of the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics under the party leadership since the founding of new China. The introduction is divided into six chapters, and the idea of poverty reduction is divided into six historical stages, each of which is a chapter. Since the founding of new China's poverty reduction, the historical process of the evolution of ideas in the productive relations change and productivity development as the basic standard, the practice of the party under the leadership of the poverty reduction policy orientation, means, as the main clue, and paradigm can be roughly divided into six stages: the first stage. the 1949-1978, this stage is mainly at the national level mainly is eliminating poverty. The second phase, 1978-1985, implemented the strategy of promoting poverty reduction through the reform of rural economic system. We introduced the two-tier management system, based on household contracting and combining unified management with separate management, and implemented reforms to raise prices for agricultural products and develop the rural commodity economy, greatly liberating rural production. The third stage, 1986-1993, implemented the regional development poverty alleviation strategy. In 1986, the Chinese government set up a special poverty alleviation organization, the leading group for economic development of poverty-stricken areas under the state council, which standardized, institutionalized and institutionalized poverty alleviation and development in rural areas. The establishment of this poverty alleviation organization indicates that the Chinese government has shifted from the original moral poverty alleviation to institutional poverty alleviation. The development poverty alleviation identified in this period is to drive poverty alleviation through regional development. The fourth stage, from 1994 to 2000, implemented a comprehensive poverty alleviation strategy. This stage was marked by the promulgation of the national 87th poverty alleviation plan in March 1994. The plan clearly calls for concentrating human, material and financial resources to basically feed and clothe 80 million rural poor in about seven years. The fifth stage, 2001-2012, implemented the whole village promotion and "two-wheel drive" poverty alleviation strategy. Stage 6 2013-present Since 2013, China has implemented the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation. The comprehensive study is an overview, consisting of three chapters. It mainly reviews, summarizes and looks forward to the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. The first is to systematically sort out and analyze the main line and dynamic mechanism of the transformation of poverty reduction thoughts with Chinese characteristics. Reviewing and reviewing more than 60 years of history, there are two clear clues to the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics led by the party. Second, it clearly summarizes the practical results and theoretical evolution of the poverty reduction thought with Chinese characteristics. Thirdly, it profoundly summarizes the theoretical characteristics and basic experience of the thought of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. Fourth, we will look forward to the future trend of the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. It is proposed that the evolution center of poverty reduction thought with Chinese characteristics is people-centered, which is divided into three main evolution lines, namely, the evolution of poverty reduction objects, the evolution of poverty reduction content and the evolution of poverty reduction methods. It also found the dynamic mechanism for the evolution of poverty reduction thought with Chinese characteristics, which was respectively promoted by productivity, production relations and superstructure. There are four characteristics of the evolution of the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics: top-level design, pattern of major poverty alleviation, party leadership and poverty reduction in development. At the same time, this chapter also summarizes the theoretical value of the poverty reduction thought with Chinese characteristics, provides samples for solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, provides important contents for constructing the socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics, and provides Chinese wisdom for solving the poverty problem in the world. Also looked forward to the future development direction of the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. In the future, the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics will focus on the transition from solving absolute poverty to solving relative poverty, from the simple rural poverty reduction to the urban poverty reduction. The possible innovation of this thesis lies in: first, the history of over 60 years' development of the poverty reduction thought with Chinese characteristics led by the party since the founding of new China is made, and the development history of this thought is systematically sorted out, and the basic experience is summarized on this basis. Second, taking the reform of production relations and the development of productivity as the fundamental standard and taking the evolutionary paradigm of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the party since the founding of new China as the main clue, the historical process of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics is innovatively divided into six stages, and the main line and characteristics of each stage are clearly summarized. This article innovation will before reform and opening up ideas of poverty reduction also listed as a stage, although in the integrity of poverty in China before reform and opening up the stage, but the party's first generation of leader Maozedong had put forward the thought of common prosperity, put forward the development of the productive forces, relying on industrialization road for poverty reduction, practice is the starting point of the sinicization of marxist theory of poverty. Thirdly, it systematically studied the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. Through six stages and three modes of road evolution, it concluded that the evolution center of the idea of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics is people-centered. This paper summarizes the evolution characteristics of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics in the past 60 years and analyzes the dynamic mechanism of evolution. Fourthly, following the principle of combining history with reality, this paper will prospect the development of poverty reduction thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era. and propose the basic trend of development of China's poverty reduction thought -- from absolute poverty to relative poverty, from rural poverty to urban poverty, from administration to rule by law. Key words: Chinese Characteristics,Poverty, Poverty Reduction, Ideological theory