社会平等是瑞典福利国家的基石。社会平等不仅是社会物品的平等分配，更重要的是人与人地位与身份的平等，这深刻地体现为性别平等。瑞典是世界公认的性别平等程度最高的国家之一。瑞典的性别平等政策是社会政策的重要组成部分。瑞典的社会政策与性别平等政策具有价值目标的一致性，即追求社会权利的平等，具有政策内容的相融性，政策发展的开放性，政策作用的强制性的共同特点。瑞典社会政策的本质在于，政府通过政策法案对各项社会事务进行国家干预，实施政府主导的二次分配，以达到社会公平的目的，具有国家进行统筹的普遍主义特征。 瑞典的性别平等政策源于20世纪30年代的人口政策与家庭政策，于70年代逐渐形成独立的性别平等政策制度体系。瑞典性别平等政策的发展演进过程并不是一个由不平等到平等的线性的、简单的发展过程，而是一个充满着不同的利益冲突，不断解决凸显的社会问题，不断转换政策目标，不断拓展政策领域，不断走出政策悖论的复杂的政策变迁与发展的过程。这一过程是与瑞典的政治、经济及社会的发展、女性主义思潮的兴起、性别平等意识的变化紧密相连的。 瑞典性别平等政策的目标体系是瑞典性别平等政策的灵魂，通过总的价值目标的设定，形成了四个具体价值目标领域，确立了瑞典性别平等政策的内容结构。瑞典性别平等政策的总体目标为：“确保女性与男性在生活的各个方面都享有同样的机会，拥有同样的权利，承担同样的义务”。在总体目标下，建构了以维护政治平等参与权利、经济教育领域的机会均等权利、家庭角色平等权利、女性自身安全权利为主要内容的瑞典性别平等政策的内容体系。 瑞典政府实施社会性别主流化开启了社会各项政策制定与实施的新视角与新领域。社会性别主流化作为一种优先策略，将性别平等作为目标纳入社会各项政策，将原来一直处于边缘地位的女性问题及两性平等问题带到了政府政策舞台的中心，实现了性别平等政策领域的拓广；瑞典的社会性别主流化的实施过程是瑞典性别平等政策不断发展变迁的过程，也是瑞典性别平等政策不断完善的制度化、体系化的过程。这一过程表现为性别平等政策理念由追求家庭中女性的平等地位发展到追求两性作为独立个体的性别中立，再到追求两性的社会平等权利的变迁；性别平等政策的目标由关注女性角色转向关注男女中性的平等关系再到关注男性责任的变迁；瑞典性别平等政策的范围由家庭领域拓展到劳动力市场领域再拓广到社会各个政策领域的变迁。 本文对瑞典社会政策中的性别平等问题，即瑞典性别平等政策的研究从五个方面展开：首先，从宏观背景的方面，在第二章对本文涉及的社会政策、瑞典的社会政策、瑞典性别平等政策等基本概念演进及概念的涵义进行规范性的研究阐述；分析阐释瑞典社会政策形成的社会基础与理论基础，以探究与解决瑞典社会政策形成的社会条件与理论资源问题。其次，从历时态方面，在第三章与第五章，通过大量一手资料的挖掘与梳理，系统分析阐释瑞典性别平等政策的制定、出台、改革与演进的过程；分析瑞典性别平等政策体系的建构过程；研究分析瑞典性别平等政策悖论的形成与克服的过程；研究瑞典性别平等政策的政策理念、政策目标、政策内容、政策体系的变迁与改革的过程；对瑞典社会性别主流化策略的提出、实施、效果、启示与局限进行系统研究与分析。再次，从共时态方面，在第四章研究分析瑞典性别平等政策的目标价值体系与内容结构及其政策实施的效果。以瑞典性别平等法案确定的性别平等政策的总目标与分目标为依据，对瑞典性别平等政策的四部分政策内容及其实践效果进行系统分析研究。第四，从量化分析的方面，在第六章采用定量分析方法，以大量客观数据为基础，采用统计建模方法以求证前述瑞典性别平等政策的有效性，并利用聚类分析与方差分析法对欧洲各国与世界各地区性别平等的差异性进行比较分析。第五，从总结借鉴的方面，在第七章依据前述对瑞典性别平等政策的分析与阐释，总结瑞典性别平等政策的经验，结合我国现阶段的国情，从就业政策、家庭政策、妇女参政及社会性别主流化四个方面分析了瑞典性别平等政策提供给我们的经验与启示。 关键词：瑞典；社会政策；性别平等；性别平等政策

 Social equality is the cornerstone of the Swedish welfare state. Social equality is not only the equal distribution of social goods, more importantly, it is equal status and identity among people, it is profoundly embodied in gender equality. Sweden is internationally recognized as one of the societies with the highest gender equality. Swedish social policy and the policy of gender equality have the consistency of value objectives, and their common characteristics are the pursuit of equality of social rights, compatibility with policy content, openness of policy development, coerciveness of policy effects. The essences of the Swedish social policy are the government intervening on various social issues through policy act, implementing of government-led secondary distribution, achieving the purpose of social justice, possessing the universal characteristics of state coordinations. Sweden gender equality policy derives from its population policy and family policy of 1930s, gradually forms an independent system in the 1970s. The evolution of Swedish gender equality policy is not a linear and simple development process from inequality to equality, but a complex process of policy changing and development of different conflicts of interest, constantly solving the prominent social problems, changing policy goals, expanding policy areas, constantly out of policy paradox. This process is closely linked with Sweden's political, economic and social development, the rise of feminist thoughts, the change of gender equality ideology. The value system of Sweden's gender equality policy is the soul of Swedish gender equality policy. By setting general goal value, it forms four specific value areas, establishes the content structure of gender equality policies in Sweden. The general goal of Sweden gender equality policy is: "to ensure that women and men enjoy the same opportunity in all aspects of life, have the same rights and bear the same obligations". Under the general goals, Sweden's content system of gender equality policy is established, in which main contents are the equal political participation rights, rights of equal opportunity in the field of economic and education, equal rights of family roles, woman's own security rights. The gender mainstreaming implemented by Swedish government opens the new perspectives and new fields for various social policy formulations and implementations. As a priority strategy, social gender mainstreaming incorporates gender equality as the goal of social policies, brings the women and gender equality issues which had always been at the edge status into center stage of government policy, develops the policy of gender equality field. The implementation process of Sweden's social gender mainstreaming is the process of constant development of gender equality policy in Sweden, and it is also constantly improving institutionalization and systematic process of Swedish gender equality policy. The process shows the changes of the concept of gender equality policy from the pursuit of the equal status of women in the family to the pursuit of gender neutrality as an independent individual, and then the pursuit of the two genders' equal rights, brings the women's issues and gender equality issues previously on the margins to the centre of the government's policy stage, to pursue the equal rights of the two genders; the goal of gender equality policy changes from focus on female characters to neutral equal relationship between men and women, and further the changes of male responsibility; the scope of Swedish gender equality policy expanding from family to the Labor market, then to various social policy areas. The paper studies the gender equality issues of Swedish social policy, namely the Sweden's gender equality policy research in five aspects.: First of all, from the macroscopic level, in the second chapter of this paper, social policy, Sweden's social policy, policy of gender equality in Sweden, the evolution of basic concept and the connotation of the concept are analyzed; In order to explore and solve the Swedish social policy formation's social conditions and theoretical resource problems, the social basis of the formation of the Swedish social policy and theoretical basis are interpreted . Secondly, from the diachronic level, in the third chapter and the fifth chapter, the formation, introduction, reform and evolution of Swedish gender equality are systemically analyzed through a lot of firsthand material mining and combing; the construction process of Sweden's gender equality policy system is also analyzed; the formation and overcoming process of gender equality policy paradox in Sweden is discussed ; policy principle, policy goal, policy content and policy system’s changing and reforming process of Sweden gender equality policy are studied; The raising, implementation, effects, implications and limitations of Swedish social gender mainstreaming strategy are systematically discussed. Thirdly, from the synchronic level, in the fourth chapter, Sweden's gender equality policy goal value system, content structure and the effect of the policy implementation are studied. Based on the general goals and sub-goals of gender equality policy determined by Sweden gender equality act, the four parts policy and its practical effect of Sweden gender equality policy are systematical analyzed. Fourthly, from the quantitative analysis level, In the sixth chapter, with the quantitative analysis method, on the basis of a large number of objective data, statistical modeling method is also used to prove the validity of the Sweden gender equality policy, the differences between European countries and various areas of the world’s gender equality are analyzed by using clustering analysis and variance analysis. Fifthly, from the aspect of summarizing and learning, in the seventh chapter, with the above analyses and interpretations of Sweden's gender equality policy, the paper sums up the experience of Sweden's gender equality policy, combining with China's current national conditions; besides, the paper analyzes the experience and enlightenment provided by the gender equality policy, in four aspects: the employment policy, family policy, women's political participation and gender mainstreaming. Keywords: Sweden, social policy, gender equality, gender equality policy