现代临时看台具有优越的场地适应性和便捷的可拆装性，被广泛地应用于各种文体活动中。然而，短时间内聚集在结构上的大量人群，会产生突发性和同步性人群荷载，能够造成结构出现振动过大或者破坏的现象，进而引起人群恐慌甚至危及生命，这将严重地阻碍人们追求文体活动所带来的精神文明。准确揭示人群荷载变化规律和计算模式，以及研究人群与结构相互耦合机理，是临时看台最为重要的研究内容，也是今后临时看台智能计算的核心。 当前研究工作主要集中于轻质楼板体系、人行天桥和固定看台等永久性结构，人群作用于临时看台的研究成果较少，但该领域却存在许多亟待解决的关键问题。尤其因不同国家的人体特征存在差异而造成人体自激荷载不同，已有荷载模型不能有效地计算和生成国内人群荷载；临时看台在人群作用下的动力响应以及人群动力参数均不明确，缺乏分析两者相互耦合模型所需的合理参数；人群在临时看台上承受结构振动的能力也未可知，相关限定值还需进一步研究。 作者在国家科技支撑计划(2014BAK14B05)课题的支持下，对临时看台人群荷载的形成、作用过程及计算模型，展开了深入细致地研究。在此基础上，论文建立了人群荷载形成过程，分析了人群与临时看台相互作用的力学模型，提供了临时看台舒适度设计准则。本文主要工作如下： (1)针对国内人群荷载研究的现状，本文采用纵跳板和三维测力板等测试仪器，对观众突发性及协同性且主要自激励频段的人体荷载，进行了测试和建模，引入残差形式的特征变量，建立了人体和人群自激内力荷载实用化设计方法，给出了临时看台重要的人体水平和竖向荷载设计参考值；分析了人体运动荷载曲线特征参数变化规律，建立了人群跳跃和摇摆荷载模型，丰富了国内人群荷载的计算方法。 (2)探索了人群与临时看台耦合机理，测试了载人临时看台在随机侧向振动环境下，人群与结构耦合作用效应，揭示了人群在侧向激励状态下临时结构动力性能变化机理，建立了静态人群动力参数，提出了人群荷载与临时看台相互作用模型。 (3)计算了人群荷载3自由度耦合模型，结合实测参数，重点对临时看台安全具有重要影响的跳跃与摇摆荷载分量进行了分析，获得了人群荷载特征参数对结构响应的影响规律，以及结构出现最大响应所对应的模型参数。 (4)完成了人群振感实测试验，提出了基于烦恼率模型的临时看台振动舒适度表征技术，获得了加速度与人群烦恼率的关系，建立了不同频率临时看台舒适度限值和临时看台振动舒适度的定量设计方法。结合临看台节点应力和整体响应试验数据，利用ABAQUS软件对大型临时看台节点大间隙有限元进行了整体仿真与修正计算，对论文的研究工作进行了验证，并进一步发现了人群荷载与临时结构耦合的时空效应特征。理论与实践表明，论文工作可直接为大型临时看台提供安全有效的人群荷载设计，具有重要的实用价值。 关键词：临时看台；跳跃与摇摆荷载；人与结构相互作用；人群动力特性；参数分析；临时看台振动舒适度

 Temporary grandstands can be widely used in a variety of performance and sport events, due to its excellent adaptability for various places and convenient setup and/or disassembly. However, it can gather massive crowds during a short time, and the excessive vibration of structure even collapse can be induced by crowd load’s abruptness and synchronize. People pursue spiritual of these performance and sport activities would be seriously impeded. To accurately reveal crowd load rule and computing mode, as well as investigate the interaction between human and structure, which is the crucial research work in temporary grandstand study and what confronting main task in intelligent computation on the field of temporary structure nowadays. For decades, most of the reasearchers are however focused on explaining the interaction between human and beams, floors, footbridges, permanent grandstands and so on. As far as we know, little research has investigated temporary grandstand. So there are still a lot of interesting and unresolved problems in this area. For example, human self-excited load can be varied significantly between different persons in different countries, the existing load models are maybe not available for representing the stochastic variations in domestic human. Besides, the dynamic responses of temporary grandstand and human dynamic parameters are ambiguous, which incurs heavy interest to ecplore, whether spectator can be tolerant or not. What is more the available comfortability limit values derived from the previous small number of guideline and literature are still necessary investigated to further. Supported of National Technology Supported Plan (grant number: 2014BAK14B05) author deeply and intensively investigates in processing of crowd loads and analyzes the human-temporary grandstand interaction model. Author found the shifting law of temporary grandstand crowd load and presents the comfort level design criteria. The main research work as below: (1)According to the current research situation of China human loads, author employs measure jumping board and Three-Dimension acquisition data device to collect the body sudden load and rhythmic activates caused by self-exciting action and model the load information. Author has established the usable design method of self-excitation crowd load and human body load through the residual form eigen variable. It also analyses the body move load curve characteristic parameters change rule. Author presents the crowd load jumping and swaying models. The dissertation first gives the calculation theory aiming to China spectator crowd loads. (2)This investigation has studied on the coupling mechanism between crowd loads and provisional bleacher. It also measured the coupled effect of crowd load applied on spectator stand occupied by persons and excited by random environmental vibration. It reveals the structural dynamic performances changing mechanism of grandstand lateral impacted by pedestrian load. This dissertation proposes the static pedestrian load dynamic parameters and presents the interaction model between the crowd load and temporary grandstand. (3)A three degree of freedom (3DOF) couple model for simulating the interaction between crowd and temporary demountable grandstand (TDG) is established. According to the measured parameters, the model is analyzed when considering the jump and sway loads component which are important for safety of temporary grandstand respectively, the effects of model parameters for structural dynamic response are systematically analyzed and the noticeable parameters are proposed. (4)Annoyance rate model is presented to describe the temporary grandstand vibration serviceability degree based on crowd vibration sensation test. This dissertation also gets the relation of crowd annoyance rate with acceleration. Author comes up with the quantitative vibration serviceability design method and the limited value of temporary grandstand under different frequency. Combined temporary grandstand node stress with whole response test data, author has calculated the big gap finite element model (FEM) overall simulation and model updated by made use of ABAQUS so as to demonstrate the research results validation. This dissertation discovers that the coupling model spatio-temporal property of the crowd load against temporary grandstand. Whatever practice or theory each shows that the research work and its results can be directly afforded as to design code and principle to temporary grandstand effectively and that possesses significant practical value. Keywords: Temporary grandstand, jumping and swaying load, human and structure interaction, human dynamic characteristic, parameter analysis, vibration serviceability of temporary grandstand