抗战爆发后，中国大片国土沦于敌手。为强化统治和支持战争，日军在各地积极推行“以华治华”政策，扶植汉奸建立各级伪政权。在长达八年的日伪统治下，沦陷区的政治、经济、文化、社会结构发生了不少重要的的变化。本文以1937-1945年日伪政权对天津的统治为切入点，探讨日伪政权是如何运用多种方式实现对天津的控制及效果，分析伪政权与日本、英法租界之间复杂的关系，力求呈现日伪政权统治下沦陷区的复杂状况。 天津日伪政权历经天津地方治安维持会、天津特别市公署、天津特别市政府三个阶段。基层政权历经地方辅治会到区、保甲制的演变。天津日伪政权的演变，有一个从非常态下的临时政府机构过渡到正式的政府组织的过程。日伪政权通过强化警察武装，改善民生，防共、反共，新闻、电影及戏曲检查，严厉镇压国共的反抗等措施，以实现对天津的控制。因受制于经费不足、政令不畅，警察、保甲人员玩忽职守，国共的抵抗，民众的抵制以及官员的倒戈，日伪政权未能实现对天津真正有效的控制。 伪政权是日本在沦陷区建立的傀儡政权。日本利用在天津的特务机关、宪兵队以及设置在市政府和附属机构的顾问，实现对伪政权全面的控制。日本还利用中国传统的民间组织，以及加强经济与思想控制，从而实现对天津的全方位控制。伪政权与日本之间是以“合作”为主，在日本人的操控下贯彻其各项政策和措施。双方不可避免地会有一些“矛盾”，伪职人员对日本人交办的任务也有消极抵制的一面。虽受到日本的严密控制，但在日本“不干涉行政细节”的思想指导下，伪政权在行政权的运作上有一定的“自主”性。 国共特工利用天津英法租界的特殊地位进行反日活动，由此引起日本及伪政权与英法等国关系的变化。沦陷初期，英法租界工部局与伪政权之间的关系以合作为主。以程锡庚被暗杀事件为借口，日军对天津英法租界实施封锁，由此日本与英国的关系急剧恶化。随着英日冲突，伪政权与英国的关系急转直下。英日两国经历漫长的东京会谈后达成妥协。伪政权与英法租界的关系转而以合作为主。从伪政权与英租界关系的变化能反映出它的傀儡性。 一个政权若想获得长期的执政权，必须关注经济发展和提高民生水平，不可能只是破坏与掠夺民众。日伪政权也不例外，为了获得民众支持，以支撑其政权的合法性，它在市政、工商业方面均做了一些工作。沦陷初期，天津的工商业获得一定发展，这与日伪政权的举措有一定关系，更多的则是经济发展规律的惯性所致。随着太平洋战争的爆发，天津的经济形势转趋恶化，为了适应战时需要，日本及伪政权实行经济统制和配给制，天津的经济逐步被纳入战时轨道。日伪政权不断发起治安强化运动、捐献铜铁运动，通过基层保甲汲取大量资源。在自身利益不断受损的情况下，民众对伪政权的不满与日俱增。 1939年天津遭受百年未遇的洪灾，水灾的直接后果是产生大批难民，面对流离失所的灾民，为了维护统治，日伪政权从维护社会治安，统制物资、物价，廉卖米面、蔬菜，豁免捐税，寻求各方支援等方面开展了救灾工作。日伪政权设立的天津市水灾救济委员会成为领导救灾、救济灾民的重要机构。慈善团体也积极投入到救灾之中。受制于日军封锁租界，日伪政策无法落实，管理不善，物价高涨及经费紧张等因素，日伪政权的救济、防疫工作大打折扣。从1939年天津水灾中日伪政权的活动，可观察其在救济、防疫方面的工作。 日伪政权统治下沦陷区民众的生活究竟如何，需要站在“他者”视角，运用翔实的史料展现出来，以此客观地看待日伪政权的统治。在沦陷初期，大多数市民的生活差强人意，和战前相比，并无多大变化，甚至有些人生活水平有所提升。随着日本扩大战争规模，尤其是太平洋战争爆发后，天津市民生活每况愈下。从对天津民众休闲娱乐活动的考察看，沦陷初期工商业发展，普通市民休闲娱乐方式多样化，在电影院、戏院中劳动者阶层占有相当比例。到1941年以后，受经济下滑及日伪政权的限制，民众的休闲娱乐活动明显减少。为适应战争需要，应对经济形势不断恶化的状况，日伪政权对民众日常生活的干预愈来愈强。通过配给制，市民的生活所需受到日伪政府的严格控制。通过举行诸如治安强化运动、捐献运动等各类政治活动，民众的日常生活逐步被纳入战时的特殊轨道，对日伪政权的依赖程度变得越来越强。日伪政权试图以服务所谓“大东亚战争”的名义介入并规训市民的日常生活，但其做法不具有可操作性，且违背了基本的人性需要，因此注定是不成功的。 战争爆发后，旧有政权消失，为维持区域性社会秩序，伪政权的出现有其必然性，站在民族——国家的立场上看，伪政权的傀儡性质又决定了它存在的非法性与非正义性，加之日伪政权积极配合日本发动的侵略战争，不断向民众索取战争资源，因此它无法得到民众的拥护，其失败成为历史的必然。 关键词：天津；日本；日伪政权；殖民统治；日常生活

 After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, China′s large tracts of land fell into enemy hands, and the Japanese army supported traitors to establish pseudo regime at all levels. Compared with the pre-war period, the political, economic, cultural and social structures of the occupied areas have undergone tremendous changes. Taking the Japanese puppet regime's rule over Tianjin from 1937 to 1945 as the breakthrough point, this paper discusses how the Japanese puppet regime realized its control over Tianjin and its effect, analyzes the complicated relationship between the puppet regime and Japan, concessions of Britain and France, and presents the complicated situation of the occupied areas under the Japanese puppet regime′s rule. The regime of the Japanese puppet regime in Tianjin has gone through three stages: Tianjin Local Public Order Maintenance Council, Tianjin Special Municipal Office and Tianjin Special Municipal Government. The grass-roots political power went through the evolution of the local auxiliary governance to the district and Bao-Jia system. The evolution of the Japanese puppet regime in Tianjin is a process of transition from an abnormal temporary government institution to a formal government organization. The Japanese puppet regime realized its control over Tianjin by strengthening police forces, improving people's livelihood, preventing the Communist Party and the Anti-Communist Party, censoring news, films and operas, and severely suppressing the resistance of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Due to insufficient funds, decree not free, dereliction of duty by the police and Bao-Jia personnel, resistance by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, resistance by the people and the rebellion of Japanese puppet officials, the Japanese puppet regime has never been able to achieve real and effective control of Tianjin. The puppet regime was a puppet regime founded by Japan in the occupied area. Japan took full control of the puppet regime by using special agents, the gendarmerie and consultants of the municipal government and subsidiary bodies in Tianjin. Japan also took advantage of traditional Chinese civil organizations, and strengthened control of economic and ideological to achieve full control over Tianjin. The puppet regime and Japan mainly cooperated with each other. Under the control of the Japanese, the puppet regime implemented its policies and measures. There would inevitably be some "contradictions" between the puppet regime and Japan, and the puppet officials had a negative resistance to the tasks assigned by the Japanese. Although strictly controlled by Japan, but under the guidance of Japan′s "non-interference in administrative details," the puppet regime had a certain degree of "autonomy" in the operation of the executive power. Secret agents of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party used the concession to make anti Japanese activities. This led to changes in relations between Japan, the puppet regime and Britain, France. In the early days of the fall, the relationship between the British and French Municipal Committee and the puppet regime was mainly based on cooperation. Under the pretext of the assassination of Cheng Xigeng, the Japanese army imposed a blockade on the British and French concessions in Tianjin, resulting in a sharp deterioration of relations between Japan and Britain. With the conflict between Britain and Japan, the relationship between the puppet regime and Britain has plunged rapidly. After a long talk between Britain and Japan, a compromise was finally reached. The relationship between the puppet regime and the British and French Concession turned to cooperate. The change of the relationship between the puppet regime and the British concession can reflect its puppet character. If a regime wants to gain a long-term ruling power, it can not just destroy and pillage the masses. Economic construction is an important step for any regime to maintain and consolidate its rule. The Japanese puppet regime is no exception. In order to obtain popular support and the legitimacy of its regime, it done some work in municipal administration, industry and commerce. In the early days of the Japanese occupation, the industry and commerce of Tianjin had a certain development because of the measures taken by the Japanese puppet regime, but it was mainly caused by the economic law. With the outbreak of the Pacific War, Tianjin's economic situation gradually deteriorated. In order to meet the needs of wartime, Japan and the puppet regime implemented economic control and rationing, and gradually brought Tianjin′s economy into the wartime track. At the same time, the Japanese puppet regime launched a campaign to strengthen public security, to donate copper and iron, and to constantly draw resources from the people through grass-roots Bao-Jia. As the interests of the people suffered losses,people′s dissatisfaction was increasingly. In 1939, Tianjin suffered the unprecedented flood. The direct consequence of the flood was a large number of refugees. In order to maintain the rule, the Japanese and puppet regimes carried out relief work, including maintaining social order, controlling material and prices, selling rice and vegetables cheaply, exempting taxes and seeking support from all sides. The Tianjin Flood Relief Commission established by the Japanese puppet regime played an important role to lead the relief. Charities are also actively involved in disaster relief. Restricted by the Japanese army's blockade of concessions, the failure of policy of the Japanese puppet regime's relief, poor management, high prices and tight funding, relief and epidemic prevention were greatly reduced. From the relief and epidemic prevention of the Japanese puppet regime during the flood in 1939, we can observe the work of the Japanese puppet regime in this respect. What is the life of the people in the occupied areas under the rule of the Japanese puppet regime, we need to stand in the "other" perspective, using detailed historical data to show, so as to objectively view the rule of the Japanese puppet regime. In the early days of the occupation, the life of the majority of the citizens was satisfactory, with little change compared with that before the war, and even some people′s living standards improved. This situation did not last long, as Japan expanded the scale of the war, especially after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the life of Tianjin citizens is getting worse. From the survey of Tianjin people′s leisure and entertainment activities, on the one hand, in the early days of the occupation, due to the development of industry and commerce, ordinary people's leisure and entertainment was various, especially in cinemas and theaters, the working class was in a certain proportion. After 1941, due to the downturn of economic and the restrictions of the Japanese puppet regime, the leisure and entertainment activities of the people decreased significantly. In order to meet the needs of war and solve the deteriorating economic situation, the Japanese puppet regime increasingly interfered in the daily life of the people. Through rationing, people′s daily life are strictly controlled by the Japanese puppet government. Through various kinds of political activities, such as public security campaigns, donation campaigns, people's daily life was brought into the special track of wartime. The dependence of people′s lives on the puppet regime became stronger and stronger. The Japanese puppet regime tried to intervene in and discipline the people′s daily life in the name of serving the so-called "Great East Asian War", but its practice was not operable and violated the basic human needs, so it was doomed to be unsuccessful. After the outbreak of the war, the old regime disappeared. In order to maintain regional social order, the emergence of the puppet regime had its inevitability. From the standpoint of nation-state, the puppet nature of the puppet regime determined the illegality and injustice of its existence. In addition, the puppet regime actively cooperated with the aggressive war launched by Japan and continuously asked for war resources, so it has always been unable to get the real support of the people, its failure has become a historical necessity. Key words: Tianjin; Japan; Japanese puppet regime; colonial rule; daily life