当前位置: 首页>博士论文>资源详情
大学之道
中文摘要

纵观高等教育发展的历史,大学经历了多次变革,从知识传授到科学研究,从社会服务到文化传承,大学的使命与职责随着时代的发展不断演进。大学影响时代,时代也影响大学。不同时代,大学不同。大学延续千年的精神何在?大学是大人之学、大道之学、大德之学,当下的大学如何坚守大学的共同使命、坚守教育的初心?“大道无形,生育天地;大道无情,运行日月;大道无名,长养万物”,大学之道其形如何,其情如何,其名如何?作为大学灵魂的校长,张楚廷上大学、教大学、管大学,知大学、懂大学、爱大学,研究大学、奉献于大学,对上述问题他见解独到深邃,他形成了自己的哲学思想和高等教育理论体系,致力于探索一条不忘大学初心具有中国特色的大学之道。 张楚廷从人出发以人为归宿,以人为核心,为天底下绝对的人自创人主义哲学。“人是神圣的思想者,人是神奇的缔造者”。人的价值是人主义的终极追求。张楚廷认为“人的根本就是人本身,抓住了这个根本就抓住了教育的根本”。教育的目标是人,教育的立足点是人的发展,其中心是人的活动。在教育生活中,尊重人、理解人、关注人、热爱人都可以促进人的全面发展。他以人性为基点,将生命、人性和科学、公理融合创建其五大教育及人学公理,用科学公理的方式回答了人是什么教育是什么的问题,奠定了其教育哲学基础。大学是人的需要,是人旺盛生命力的自我生成,秉承了人的自由与超越本性,自由是大学的生命。大学之道要保障大学的学术自由、办学自由和大学人的精神自由。 以人主义哲学为核心的张楚廷高等教育思想与理论贯穿于其大学育人之道、学术之道与管理之道等诸方面。上述“三道”是张楚廷大学之道有机构成不可分割的整体,其中育人之道是核心,学术之道是前提,管理之道是保障。 育人之道体现了其学生观、课程观和教育观。他以学生为本,尊重学生,维护学生权益,“维护和发展学生作为人的尊严,把对学生的尊重作为学校第一原则”。学生是学校一切活动的基础,是大学存在的理由。大学的重要使命之一在于促进学生的个性发展和全面发展,将学生培养成为更完善更高大的自己。通过推行素质教育、开展人的课程来实施人的教育,摈弃人才培养模式思想,尊重每个个体的主体性存在,大学才能更好实现大学教育为了人的发展的根本目的。 学术之道体现了其知识观与人才观。他坚持学术本位和师本位,尊重学术权力,全力维护学术自由,实现大学知识传承与创新的学术价值。学术追求是大学学术共同体组织的特性。学术本位是大学的内在逻辑要求。学术精神则是大学的核心凝聚力。大学人以学术为生命,大学正是通过学术本位而体现人本位。人尽其才,财从才来。千方百计建设高水平师资队伍,保护大学学者的学术自由,维护学者的学术权力不被侵犯,是张楚廷大学学术管理的基本理念。 管理之道体现了其办学观和管理观。张楚廷的大学理念、人格魅力在大学制度保证下显示出其独特的张氏管理风格。显性管理与隐性管理相结合、管与不管的辩证法熟谙于心,充分发挥校长作为大学灵魂的作用,是张楚廷作为成功的高校管理者突出的管理思想和实践。在张楚廷的大学管理思想里,管理的人、财、物、时间四要素都必须为学生、为学术、为学校的基本目标服务。学校一切事务实行目标管理和民主管理的管理原则,不管是管的最高境界。校长“法宝”就是要充分利用其“巧妙的策略,闪亮的目标,先进的观念,高尚的人格”,依靠法律和完善的大学制度处理好大学的外部关联和内部治理。 张楚廷的大学之道基于人主义的教育哲学思想,立足于本土的高等教育实践,生成并构建了当代有中国特色的高等教育思想体系,为当今高等教育发展的现实问题提供了一种可能的思想和方案。为了实现大学的神圣使命,大学要构建自由独立的大学精神,坚持自觉于人的教育理念,实施人文引领大学的人才培养模式,回归大学教育本位,坚守大学理想和追求,不忘初心,不断超越自我,超越现实功利,引领社会的发展。 关键词:张楚廷,大学之道,人主义,自由

英文摘要

Throughout all the history of higher education , University has experienced a number of changes , from knowledge-imparting to science-exploring , from society-serving to culture- inheriting , its missions and responsibilities continue to evolve. Universities differ in eras because they exert impacts on each other. What is the spirit of University over millennium? How should we adhere to its common mission if we define it as a place of learning Human, Reason or Virtue? As the saying goes, "Tao is invisible, the origin of reproductive world; Tao is rational, the standard of truth; Tao is nameless, the name of all things", and so what is University's form, ration and name? Because he served as a college student, a college teacher, an administrator, a bosom friend, a knower, a lover, a researcher, a devotee, President Zhang Chuting, as the embodiment of a university, answers the above questions on his own established philosophy and theory of higher education , exploring with Chinese characteristics the tenets of University based on its original purposes. Zhang Chuting creates his theory of Personism emphasizing absolute person centered from its origin and for its destiny. "Person is sacred and person is magic mastermind The ultimate goal of Personism is person's values. Zhang Chuting holds that "the essence of man is man himself, so mastering this means mastering that of education". Education is for man, hence its standpoint and center lie in human development and human activity, so that respecting, understanding, concerning and loving human can promote well-rounded life for human. He creates his personism axiom based on the start point axiom of human nature , together with other four, namely life, human nature and science, justice and education axioms, aiming at answering what education is, which question is the philosophy foundation of education. University originates from human needs, generates from self-vitality, and upholds freedom and self-transcending, while , among those , freedom is commonly considered as the University life. University principle is to protect learning, education and spirit freedom at university. Zhang's thoughts and theories of higher education , with his personism as the core, involves in principles of education, academic and management aspects. These "three principles" is considered as the organic parts of his integrated theory for higher education , with education being the core , academic being the prerequisite , and management being the guarantee. Zhang's educating principles reflect his attitudes toward students, curriculum and education. He argues for student-oriented thought , respecting students and maintaining their interests, so he devotes himself "to maintaining and developing students for their dignity and making a rule of respecting students as the school's first principle". Students should be considered as the foundation of all school activities and its existence. One of the most important University missions is to promote students ' individuality and even all-rounded development, training them to be better and stronger. By actualizing quality education , courses of personism should be implemented for individuals, forsaking talent-training patterns, respecting individual subjectivity, so that we can better achieve the fundamental purposes of education for human development at University. Zhang's academic thought reflects his view of knowledge and talent. He maintains academic and the teacher's ontologies, respects academic authority, and defends academic freedom in realize academic values of knowledge inheritance and knowledge innovation. Academic pursuit shares the same characteristics of University academic community. Academic ontology comes from the University internal requirements. Academic spirit plays the core collection role of University. University sees academic as its life, and it reflects the individual ontology through academic ontology. Individuals make best use of their talents , and profits come from innovation. The basic idea of Zhang Chuting University academic management lies in building high level teams of teachers , protecting academic freedom of scholars , and maintaining scholars ' academic power without being violated. Zhang Chuting's management thought reflects his viewpoints of school-running and school-managing. His University theory and charming personality are marked by his personal management style guaranteed by University regulations. Zhang's thinking and practice lie in his combination of explicit and implicit management, his dialectics of supervision or non-supervision in heart, his soul role as a president, his proposal of internal and external management according to law. In Zhang's mind, these four factors of personnel, finance, material, time management must serve the students, academics, and basic school goals. Target management and democracy management are the principles of all school affairs, while non-management deserves the highest among these principles. So-called the President's "magic weapon" is to making full use of his "clever strategies, shining goals, advanced concepts, good personalities" to deal with external relations and internal governance depending on law and perfect school rules. Zhang Chuting's education philosophy is based on his personism, on local higher education practice, generating and constructing a kind of the contemporary high education system with Chinese characteristics, providing realizable ideas and programs of solving the pending problems for University. In order to achieve its holy missions, University should create an spirit of freedom and independence , put emphasis on its consciousness in individual education, carry out the training models of "humanities leading University" , come back to university education essence, adhere to its ideals and pursuits, surpass the self, practical utilitarianism, and lead the development of society. Keywords: Zhang Chuting, The way forward for university, Personism, Freedom

作者相关
主题相关
看过该书的人还在看哪些书