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科技型中小企业家能力及其对企业成长的影响研究
中文摘要

中小企业是国民经济的重要组成部分,它们已经成为我国经济社会发展中最活跃的群体,尤其是在我国全面落实创新驱动发展战略和建设创新型国家的进程中的独特作用,已成为理论界、实务界等各界的共识。作为中小企业中的重要组成群体,科技型中小企业凭借灵活的经营方式、不懈的创新追求,逐渐成为经济社会发展的关键力量和重要载体。对于科技型中小企业而言,它们在经济高速增长、产业结构优化、社会稳定发展等过程中扮演着十分重要的角色。然而,我国科技型中小企业遭遇了“高死亡率、高失败率”的双高问题,严重阻碍了其重要作用的有效发挥。与此同时,在科技型中小企业群体中,有一部分企业却能够实现高速增长,有些企业成为行业的领军者。究竟科技型中小企业差异化成长的内在根源是什么?通过对已有的文献梳理发现,多数研究学者认为科技型中小企业成长困境的主要原因在于资源匮乏。从科技型中小企业的生命本质来说,决定其成长的更重要或更关键的因素是企业家。近年来,不少学者在研究中也指出,科技型中小企业的持续成长一定程度上依赖于企业家的个人能力,尤其是在科技型中小企业的早期发展阶段,这一特点更为明显。因此,在已有学者研究成果的基础上,以科技型中小企业为研究对象,揭示不同特征的企业家能力差异,以及不同能力的企业家对科技型中小企业成长产生作用的内在机理,这对我国构建科技型中小企业成长理论体系,具有较为重要的作用和理论价值。 本文主要是剖析科技型中小企业家能力对科技型中小企业成长影响的机理,根据理论分析建立研究假设,进而通过问卷调查采集数据,并利用多元回归等方法检验所提出的相关研究假设,从而为更好的推进科技型中小企业实现可持续成长提供经验依据。基于此,形成本文的研究内容,主要涵盖如下方面: 第一,科技型中小企业家能力及其对科技型中小企业成长关系影响的框架模型研究。在已有文献梳理基础上,进一步进行深层次的理论演绎,分别从理论层面分析了科技型中小企业家能力对企业成长的影响,以及企业家导向对科技型中小企业家能力与企业成长的调节作用。根据理论分析结果,提出了本文的理论研究假设,构建形成研究过程中使用的概念模型。 第二,科技型中小企业家能力与科技型中小企业成长关系的实证研究设计。关于科技型中小企业家能力与企业成长关系的实证研究方法部分,首先是对变量操作化处理,主要涉及到的变量包括:科技型巾小企业家能力、科技型中小企业家导向、科技型中小企业成长。在此基础上,对问卷进行设计,并根据专家意见对问卷的可靠性进行了分析探讨,以确保问卷的有效性和问卷质量。关于数据采集,主要是通过学校的校友会资源进行大样本调研,确保数据的代表性和保障问卷回收效果。最后对实证研究过程中采用的分析方法进行了说明。 第三,科技型中小企业家能力对科技型中小企业成长的实证分析。基于前述的理论分析和研究假设,利用因子分析、信度分析、效度分析等方法,检验科技型中小企业家能力、企业家导向和科技型中小企业成长等变量的信度和效度。在此基础上,进一步对科技型中小企业家能力、科技型中小企业成长等变量进行相关性分析,检验变量之间是否存在严重的多重共线性问题;最后,运用多元回归模型检验调节效应,对提出的理论假设进行实证检验,并对统计分析结果进行了基本的分析和讨论,从而为研究科技型中小企业家影响科技型中小企业成长的内在机理提供经验证据。 第四,研究结论的主要管理启示。在前述的理论分析和实证检验基础上,系统总结了本文的主要研究结论和重要观点。在此基础上,结合我国科技型中小企业的发展实际,从环境条件、机制建设等方面提出了促进我国科技型中小企业的企业家发展的对策建议。 根据本文的研究内容和研究结论,创新点主要包含以下三点: 第一,构建了“科技型中小企业家导向-科技型中小企业家能力-科技型中小企业成长”的理论分析框架。本文提出了一个新框架分析企业家能力对企业成长影响,这也是本文逻辑主线。科技型中小企业成长核心要素是企业家,重点是科技型中小企业家是否具备与企业不同成长阶段的能力要求相匹配;其次,不同企业家能力所获取到的各种资源,可能转换为企业成长的推动力,这是确保企业健康成长的重要基础。 第二,揭示了科技型中小企业家能力约束性因素和功效。根据人力资本理论的相关研究,企业家能力的发挥主要受到自身相关因素的影响,从而本文揭示了不同特征的企业家的能力是如何影响科技型中小企业成长的基本作用机理。在此基础上,提出了企业成长的复合测量指标,检验不同企业家能力对企业成长的贡献,进而形成了从企业家能力角度研究科技型中小企业成长功效的分析模型。 第三,定义科技型中小企业家能力的关键维度并揭示企业家导向的调节效应。主要从机会发现能力、政治关系能力、商业关系能力、学习能力、创新能力和风险控制能力六个维度构建我国科技型中小企业家能力测量体系。通过企业家能力相关测量问项,揭示科技型中小企业成长差异的企业家因素,探求科技型中小企业实现持续成长的规律;从而解析科技型中小企业家能力维度对科技型中小企业成长行为的内在作用机理。同时,从先动性、创新性和风险趋向三个维度剖析科技型中小企业家导向对科技型中小企业家能力与企业成长关系的调节效应。 关键词:科技型中小企业 企业家能力 企业家导向 企业成长

英文摘要

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of the national economy. They have become the most active groups in China's economic and social development, and especially it has become the consensus of sectors concerned that they are playing a unique role in the all-around implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and constructing an innovative country. As an important part of SMEs. those hi-tech SMEs benefiting from their flexible mechanism of operation and unremitting pursuit of innovation are becoming a key force and important carrier in economic and social development. They are playing a very important role in rapid growth of economy, optimizing industrial structure, and stabilizing social development. Hi-tech SMEs in China, however, are facing such serious problems as high proportion of bankruptcy and failure, which have prevented them from performing their important functions. Nevertheless, some of hi-tech SMEs have achieved rapid growth, even some of which become the best in their own industry. What on earth are the internal reasons leading to the tremendous differences among those hi-tech SMEs? By reviewing the existing literature, it has been found that most of the researchers blamed insufficient capital as the main reasons for the plight of development of hi-tech SMEs. From the life essence of the hi-tech SMEs, the more important and crucial factor is the entrepreneur. In recent years, many scholars have pointed out in their studies that the sustainable growth of SMEs depends to some extent on the personal capacity of the entrepreneur concerned. Especially in the early development stages of SMEs, this feature is more obvious. Therefore, based on the existing research achievements, with the hi-tech SMEs as the research objective, this paper reveals the different characteristics of capacity of entrepreneurs and the basic mechanism of SME growth effect. It has an important function and theoretical value to construct the theoretical system of the growth of the hi-tech SMEs in our country. In the process of the research, this paper, combining empirical and normative analyses as well as quantitative and qualitative analyses, aims to analyze the characteristics of entrepreneurs, the basic mechanism of entrepreneurs' capacity influence on hi-tech SME growth, and explores the empirical evidence which may guide practice, so as to provide facilitating guidance to promote the growth of the hi-tech SMEs. Based on this, the research of this paper mainly includes the following aspects: Firstly, the paper constructs a framework model of the influence of key competence dimensions of entrepreneurial capacity on the growth of hi-tech SMEs. Based on literature review, in-depth theoretical deduction is done respectively. From the theoretical aspect, it analyzes the influence of entrepreneur's capacity on the growth of small and medium-sized enterprise growth, the mediating effect of entrepreneur's capacity on the entrepreneur's characteristics and the enterprise growth, and the adjusting effect of entrepreneurial orientation to hi-tech SME entrepreneur's capacity and enterprise growth. Based on theoretical analysis, the paper proposes the theoretical research assumptions, and constructs the conceptual model. Secondly, this paper makes empirical research design on the relationship between hi-tech SME entrepreneurial capability and enterprise growth. With regard to the empirical research method, the paper firstly makes operation treatment of the variables, which mainly involves the hi-tech SME entrepreneur's capacity, entrepreneurial orientation, and enterprise growth. On this basis, questionnaires are designed and reliability is discussed according to expert's advice in order to ensure the questionnaire's validity. As for the data collection, to ensure the representativeness of samples, large sample studies are carried out with the help of the university alumni associations. Explanations of the analytical methods in the process of the empirical research are added at the end of the research. Thirdly, the paper makes empirical analysis of hi-tech SME entrepreneur's capacity and enterprise growth. Based on the illustrated theoretical analysis and research assumptions, this research tests the reliability and validity of hi-tech SME entrepreneur's capacity by using factor analysis, reliability analysis and validity analysis. On this basis, further correlation analysis is carried out to check the variables, including entrepreneurial capacity, enterprise growth, and to test the existence of severe multiple collinear problems. Finally, this research tests the mediation effect by using structural equation model, tests the adjusting effect by using multiple regression model, empirically tests the proposed theoretical assumptions, and analyzes and discusses the statistical analysis results. Consequently, experimental evidence is provided to the study of inner mechanism of hi-tech SME entrepreneur's influence on enterprise growth. Fourthly, main implications for management of the research are discussed. On the basis of illustrated theoretical analysis and empirical tests, this research systematically summarized the main research conclusions and important points. On this basis, combined with the development reality of Chinese hi-tech SMEs, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions of promoting those enterprises' growth in China from the aspects of environment condition, mechanism construction and so on. Based on the research content and research results, this paper has three major innovation points: First, it constructs the theoretical analysis framework of the "hi-tech SME entrepreneurial orientation-entrepreneur's capacity-enterprise growth". This paper put forward the new framework to analyze the influence of the entrepreneur's capacity on the enterprise growth, which is also the main logic line of this research. The crucial element of the hi-tech SME growth is entrepreneur, and the main point is whether those entrepreneurs have the required capacity to match the demands of different stages of enterprise growth. Besides, the various resources gained by entrepreneur's abilities may become the major driving force of the hi-tech SME, which serves as an important foundation of the sound development of the hi-tech SMEs. Second, it reveals the entrepreneur ability of binding factors and entrepreneurs' capacity effect of the hi-tech SME. According to the research of human capital theory, entrepreneur ability is mainly affected by related factors of themselves. So this paper reveals the basic function mechanism that how the different characteristics of the entrepreneur's capacity influence the growth of the small and medium sized enterprises. On this basis, it puts forward the composite measurement index of SME growth, and examines the different entrepreneurial capabilities on SME growth contribution, thus forming the analysis model of studying science and technology-based enterprise growth from the angle of entrepreneurs' capacity. Third, it defines key dimensions of hi-tech SME entrepreneur's capacity and explores the mediating function of entrepreneurial orientation. It endeavors to construct an evaluation system of hi-tech SME entrepreneur's capacity by incorporating such six dimensions as abilities of hunting opportunity, political relationship, commercial relationship, learning, innovation and risk control. Through such variables of entrepreneur's capacity, the paper attempts to expose the differences of SME development concerning entrepreneurs and in turn explores the pattern of sustainable growth of hi-tech SME, consequently analyzing the inherent interaction mechanism of entrepreneur's capacity to enterprise growth. Meanwhile, it studies the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in the relationship of hi-tech SMEs and enterprise growth through analyzing such three dimensions as initiative, innovation, and risk tendency. Keywords: Hi-tech SME, Entrepreneur's capacity, Entrepreneurial orientation, Enterprise growth

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