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高层建筑形态的生态效益评价和设计优化策略研究
中文摘要

本文以高层建筑仍是我国城市化进程中的重要建筑类型的现实为前提,在节能减排成为人类共识与我国基本国策的背景下,以高层建筑形态与其生态价值的关系为研究对象,从生态角度构建高层建筑形态的全面而独特认知体系。 针对高层建筑形态与自身建筑能耗的关系、高层建筑形态与场地生态环境的关系和高层建筑形态对自身建筑能耗及场地生态环境的适应性等三个主要研究内容,进行具体的分析和研究。分别从高层建筑形态与保温隔热、自然采光、自然通风等因素探究形态与自身建筑能耗的关联;从高层建筑形态与周边风环境和周边日照环境等因素研究形态对场地生态环境的影响;从高层建筑表皮界面和空中庭院等形态措施寻求形态对自身建筑能耗及场地生态环境的适应性。以此形成高层建筑形态生态效益的一般评价原则,并研究提出了以一般评价原则为基础、结合计算机模拟评价与数学模型评价的集成运用思路,初步建立了基于生态效益考量的高层建筑形态设计综合评价体系框架。 以综合评价体系框架为依托,着重选取四个具典型价值的高层建筑形态与生态设计专题,深化研究形态在其生态性目标下的设计优化策略。通过对高层建筑形态与遮阳、能耗的基本关系和能效模拟分析,探讨高层建筑形态自遮阳的优化设计;以高层建筑中积极利用自然通风为目标,结合通风原理、形态和气流的模拟分析与比较,梳理高层建筑自然通风的形态优化设计;以改善高层建筑对室外风环境为目标,归纳其各种不利影响下的形态优化设计;并且对形体扭转这类特殊高层形态,进行环境影响的模拟分析,提出形态的优化设计。 本文的研究,力图在为国内高层建筑的建设实践提供有益的专业评价手段与优化策略的同时,也从生态节能层面丰富高层建筑创作理论与方法。 关键词:高层建筑,形态,生态效益,评价体系,优化设计

英文摘要

This paper On the premise that high-rise buildings is still an important building type in the process of urbanization in China, and under the background that energy saving and emission reduction has become a consensus and China's basic national policy, the research project takes the relationship between the morphology and its ecological value of high-rise buildings as an object of study, and constructs a unique cognitive system of high-rise building shape in an ecological perspective. Aimed at the three main research contents of a) the relationship between its form and own building energy consumption for high-rise building, b) the relationship between its form and the ecological environment of the site of high-rise building, and c) the adaption of its form to its own building energy consumption and ecological environment of the venue of high-rise building, the research project has made a specific analysis and developed a depth-theoretical studies. This research project studies the relationship between its form and own building energy consumption for high-rise building from between the form and elements such as heat keeping and isolating, natural light, natural ventilation; it studies the relationship between its form and the ecological environment of the site of high-rise buildings from between the form and elements such as surrounding wind environment and sunlight environment; it studies the adaption of its form to its own building energy consumption and ecological environment of the venue of high-rise building from morphology method such as the surface of high-rise and atrium, thus forming general principles of evaluation on the ecological benefits of forms of high-rise buildings. Based on it,together with computing simulation and maths model, a comprehensive evaluation system framework of high-rise form based on ecological benefits is built up. Based on this framework, this research specially pick four typical case studies of high-rise building form and ecological design, to further study the form optimization strategy with the ecological goal.This research a)discusses the optimization design of high-rise building form self-shading through the basic relationship between high-rise building form and shading, energy consumption and through energy efficiency simulation analysis;b)organize the optimization design of high-rise building natural ventilation, with the goal of actively taking advantage of natural ventilation in high-rise, with the help of ventilation principal and simulation analysis and comparison of form and air flow;c)conclude form optimization design of high-rise building under different negative influences, with the goal of bettering outdoor wind environment;d) come up with form optimization design based on the special twisted form of high-rise building , after the simulation analysis of environment influences. The research tries to provide professional evaluation tools useful for the practice of domestic high-rise building construction, meanwhile enrich the architectural creation theory at the ecological energy-saving level. Key Words: high-rise building, form, eco-effects, assessment system, design optimizatio

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