中医理论作为中华民族传统文化的一块瑰宝，其知识体系结构复杂，诊疗过程具有明显的主观性和多变性。这些特性在知识共享、知识交换以及知识融合等方面成为中医传承的明显障碍。本体作为一种通用意义上的概念集合，可以实现一定程度的知识共享和复用，同时为机器自动理解领域知识提供最根本的支撑。在名老中医学术思想研究、临证经验总结过程中构建中医领域本体，可以有效解决中医信息、知识的规范化问题。 中医本体的构建过程是一个复杂的过程，手工构建中医本体不但需要领域专家的参与，而且工作量浩大。因而，亟待寻找一种自动或半自动的方法来辅助完成中医领域本体的构建。 本文在总结以往本体构建研究的基础上，首先对中医领域本体进行了深入的理论分析和研究，提出中医领域本体自动构建方法。从构建和解析中医领域本体雏形入手，对本体构建过程中的自然文本医案预处理、概念提取和概念间关系提取等问题进行了重点研究，并提出相关算法，进而实现中医本体的自动构建。 其次，本文通过引入知识元概念，首次将知识元相关算法与中医知识管理相结合，研究并提出了一系列基于本体的中医知识匹配算法，包括基于欧几里德几何距离的知识元间语义相似度算法、基于中医领域知网的领域知识元间相似度算法、知识元间语义相关度算法、知识与知识之间的语义相关度算法。这些算法成为基于本体的中医知识构建系统设计和实现的理论基础，为中医知识管理提供了技术方法。 第三，本文提出基于本体的知识检索方法，设计了中医知识构建系统的逻辑模型和系统结构模型。该系统以构建的中医本体为基础描述中医基础理论的静态关系，通过检索实现中医专家病例医案和知识元结构之间的动态联系，再现中医专家病例医案原貌和遣方用药规律，为中医研究人员提供了资料支持和理论依据。 在“十五”国家攻关计划“基于信息挖掘技术的名老中医临床诊疗经验及传承方法研究(名老中医学术思想、经验传承研究)”项目中，以上研究成果得以综合运用，并实际开发出一个中医知识构建系统。通过对该系统的评测验证了本文研究成果的有效性和可行性。本文的研究成果，对于与中医医案类似、文本相对自由、概念字符有限、概念间关系可分的其他领域知识的挖掘、获取和发现同样也具有重要的借鉴意义。 关键词：本体，本体自动构建，知识元，中医知识筐理，知识构建系统

 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Theory, as one of the heritages of the Chinese traditional culture, is faced with considerable obstacles in terms of knowledge sharing, exchanging and interfusing because of its complicated knowledge system and its subjectivity and variability throughout the diagnosing process. Ontology is the concept definition set in universal meaning which realizes knowledge sharing and reuse and at the same time provides fundamental support to the knowledge in the field of machine automatic understanding. Therefore, TCM ontology construction can effectively solve the problem of normalizing TCM information and knowledge, in the process of academic research and clinical experience summarization. However, the manual construction process is complicated due to its need for domain experts' participation and its great workload. Therefore, it is required to find a sort of automatic or semi-automatic method to complete the construction of TCM ontology. Based on the research on ontology construction, this thesis firstly comes up with the automatic ontology construction process in TCM field through further theoretical analysis and research on TCM ontology. Starting from constructing and analyzing ontology rudiment in TCM field, the thesis focuses on the research on pre-treating consilia, concept extracting and concept relationship extracting, as well as bringing up relevant algorithms, finally realizing automatic construction of TCM ontology. Secondly, by introducing the concept of knowledge meta, the thesis did combine algorithm concerning knowledge meta with TCM knowledge management, and advance a series of TCM knowledge matching algorithms based on ontology, including semantic similarity algorithm among knowledge meta based on Euclid's geometric distance, the filed knowledge meta similarity algorithm based on TCM filed knowledge network, semantic relevancy algorithm among knowledge meta, and semantic relevancy algorithm among knowledge. These algorithms are important parts of knowledge matching algorithm based on ontology construction. They are theory basement for the design and implementation of TCM knowledge construction system. They are the method for TCM knowledge management. Thirdly, this thesis give out proposes of the knowledge search method based on ontology, and designs logical and systematic models of TCM knowledge construction system. Based on the constructed TCM ontology, it describes static relation of TCM basic theories and realizes the dynamic relation between TCM experts' consilia and knowledge meta through searching. It is the reappearance of TCM experts' consilia, medicine law, and offers a theory and support for the TCM researchers. In the project of "Research on the clinic diagnosis experience and methods of well-known TCM doctors based on the information mining technology" which is under the framework of the Project 10th Five Years National Key Programs for Science and Technology Development the above-mentioned research results were used comprehensively. A TCM knowledge construction system was developed. This system proves the efficiency and feasibility of the research results of this thesis. The findings of this thesis are also significant for other field's knowledge searching, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge discovery with similarity to TCM consilia, free text, and separable concept relationship. Key Words: ontology, automatic ontology construction, knowledge meta, TCM knowledge management, knowledge construction system