本文主要是从我国的人口压力、资源压力以及西部地区的民族宗教等三大问题来探讨在当代西部大开发中向西部地区实行大规模的移民屯垦的必要性、可行性及其重大意义。 对从古代到新中国成立后的西部移民屯垦作一个历史的回顾，总结其成功的经验，以为今天的西部移民屯垦服务，是本文的出发点。本文借用古代“屯垦”一词，但赋予其新的时代含义，即凡属移民定居开发于西部，无论从事何种行业，都纳于屯垦的范畴。 当代中国面临许多问题，而西部危机更为突出。由于地区经济发展的不平衡，东西差距在改革开放后呈扩大的趋势，西部地区的贫困落后已成为我国安全隐忧之一。我国的少数民族主要分布于西部地区，而我国的信教民族又主要是少数民族，尤其是信仰伊斯兰教和藏传佛教的民族基本上是全族信仰同一宗教。各种复杂的因素使我国西部地区的民族宗教问题比较突出，尤以西藏和新疆单一少数民族居绝对多数的地区为甚。少数民族分裂分子在国际敌对势力和恐怖极端主义组织或明或暗的支持下，妄图分裂祖国，制造恐怖活动，严重危及国家安全。人口压力将是长期制约我国现代化进程的重要因素，资源及环境的压力同样如此。 国际上许多国家其内部区域经济的发展也是不平衡的，他们为解决这一问题的经验和教训可为我们今天的西部大开发所用，尤其是属于“移民屯垦”型的开发更有借鉴意义，如美国的“西进运动”、以色列的移民与沙漠治理、俄罗斯对其东部地区的开发等等，都可以使我们得到许多启示，以为我国的西部大开发服务。 解决西部危机的最佳出路是利用西部大开发之机，用20年左右的时间向西部地区移民5000万。通过土地开发、南水北调、基础设施建设、能源矿产资源开发、发展现代工业和大力推进城市化等途径移民。后发先至，统筹安排，省略中间环节，使移民、屯垦、扶贫、就业、环保、小城镇建设等一步到位。超大规模的移民将改善西部地区的民族构成。民族杂居，共同开发，促成民族融合，消解民族分裂势力，加快西部地区社会经济发展，既可有效解决西部民族宗教问题，又缓解了我国人口与资源的压力，同时又可为解决邻国争端、改善邻国关系打下坚实基础，有力地维护国家安全，打破国际敌对势力对我国的包围战略。 经过半个世纪的移民屯垦，西部地区将初步完成现代化，中国的现代化将随着西部现代化的完成而实现，从而达到我国现代化建设的第三步战略目标。

Abstract This is mainly discussed the necessity reality and importance of developing western China in large-scale during the western developing, mainly from three aspects: the pressure of our population and resource, and western area nationality religion problems. From the anciently to the new China come into existence to make a history review, summarize its successful experience, so that to service today's western immigration station troops to open up wasteland, this is the essay's starting point. The essay use archaic word"station troops to open up wasteland", and make this word a new time meanings, as immigration and settle down in western China, no matter engage in what professions, all is category of'station troops to open up wasteland. The modern China is facing many problems, especially the western crisis. Due to the imbalance of economy developing, extending tendency of the difference between the eastern and western after the reform and open policy, the poverty of western area is become one of our country's security and secret worry. Our minorities mostly distributed in western area, the nationality that believes in a religion mostly are minority, especially the nationality, which is, believe in Islam and Buddhism respectively generally is that whole nationality are believe in one religion. All sorts of complex factors make our western area's nationality religion problem extrusive, especially the Tibet and Sinkiang single minority absolute majority area. Minority disperse members try in vain to disperse China, making horror activities, under the support of international opposition force and horror ism organization, and seriously endanger the state security. Pressure of population will be long time to restrict our countries modernization's process, and it is same to resource and environment pressures. On international many countries and its internal's economy developing also face imbalance developing problems, their experiences and lessons of solving this problem can been used for reference our western developing, especially the developing of"immigration station troops to open up wasteland", like"The movement of the eastern moving of the USA", immigration and dessert control of Israel, Russia developed its eastern areas and so on, from all these we can get many inspiration, and service for our western developing. The best way to solve the western crisis is to take advantage of western developing, to immigrate to the western area about 50 millions within 20 years. We can immigrate through the immigration ways of ground developing, south water to north, construct of basic establishment, developing of energy and mine resource, developing modern industry and energetically advance city and so on. We can plan arranges, omits mesne tache, and make immigration, station troops to open up wasteland, support poverty, and obtain employment, environment, and town constructing reach the designated position in one-step. The super large scope of immigration will improve the nationality structure of western area. Nationality mixed resident, jointly developing, will promote the nationalities merging, and clearing up the nationalities disperse force, and accelerate society economy developing of western area. All the above measures would solve western nationalities religion problems and also relieve pressure of our population and resource, and at one time can set firm foundation for neighbor countries dispute, improves neighbor countries relative, strongly maintain state security, and break the surround strategy of international opposition force to our country. After half a century of immigration station troops to open up wasteland, western area will initially accomplish a modernization. With the accomplishment of the modernization of the western area, the modernization of China will be accomplished, thus will be realized the third strategic goal of modernization of China.